Cybersecurity-Architecture-and-Engineering Sample Questions Answers

The IT role responsible for the installation and maintenance of hardware and software that make up a computer network is the Network Administrator. Their responsibilities include:

Network installation: Setting up and configuring network hardware, such as routers, switches, firewalls, and servers.

Network maintenance: Ensuring the network operates smoothly, performing regular updates, and troubleshooting issues.

Security management: Implementing security measures to protect the network from unauthorized access, attacks, and breaches.

Performance monitoring: Monitoring network performance and making necessary adjustments to optimize speed and reliability.

Therefore, the Network Administrator is the correct role for these responsibilities.

References

William Stallings, "Data and Computer Communications," Pearson.

Andrew S. Tanenbaum and David J. Wetherall, "Computer Networks," Pearson.

Google Apps, Dropbox, and GoToMeeting are examples of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). SaaS provides software applications over the internet as a service. Users can access the software through a web browser without needing to install and maintain the software on their local devices, making it convenient and cost-effective for both individuals and businesses.

To determine an order total, the item unit price is essential because it represents the cost per unit of the item. By multiplying the unit price by the quantity ordered, you can calculate the total cost for each item in the order, and then sum these totals to get the overall order total.

Fiber optic communications use light waves to transmit data.

This method allows for high-speed and long-distance data transmission.

The other options:

Radio towers use radio waves.

Twisted pair uses electrical signals.

Coaxial also uses electrical signals.

Therefore, the correct communication medium that uses light waves is fiber optic.

References:

"Fiber-Optic Communication Systems" by Govind P. Agrawal, which details how fiber optics use light for data transmission.

"Communication Networks" by Alberto Leon-Garcia and Indra Widjaja, which explains various communication media.

AnEnd User License Agreement (EULA)is a legal contract between the software manufacturer and the user.

The primary purpose of a EULA is togrant the user the right to use the software.

It outlines the terms and conditions under which the software can be used.

This can include restrictions on installation, distribution, and modification.

The EULA helps protect the intellectual property rights of the software creator.

References:

"Software Licensing Handbook" by Jeffrey I. Gordon.

"Intellectual Property and Open Source" by Van Lindberg.

Proxy Server Functions:

Caching: Proxy servers can store copies of web pages and other web resources. This helps to improve load times for frequently accessed resources and reduce bandwidth usage.

Security: They can provide additional security by anonymizing the user’s IP address and filtering unwanted content.

Correct Function:

Acting as a cache (B) is one of the primary functions, where it stores web pages that users in the organization have recently accessed.

Incorrect Functions:

A: Describes a file server.

C: Describes a database server.

D: Describes a web server.

References:

Proxy servers: Proxy Server

Caching in proxy servers:Caching Proxy

The development of scope creep is often signaled by the addition of many unplanned features to the original project. This indicates that the project scope is expanding beyond its initial boundaries. Key indicators include:

Uncontrolled changesto the project scope.

Continuous new requestsfrom stakeholders that were not part of the original requirements.

Increased project complexityand difficulty in managing the project timeline and resources.

Scope creep can lead to delays, budget overruns, and project failure if not managed properly.

References

Project Management Institute, "A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)," PMI.

Harold Kerzner, "Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling," Wiley.

A database driver is a software component that enables communication between an application and a database.

Function: It acts as a bridge, allowing applications to send queries to the database and retrieve results.

Types: Common database drivers include ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) and JDBC (Java Database Connectivity).

References

"Database System Concepts" by Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, and S. Sudarshan

"Data Management for Researchers" by Kristin Briney

Top of Form

In a star network topology, each network device is connected to a central device like a hub or a switch.

This central device acts as a repeater for data flow.

The other options:

Bus topology uses a single central cable.

Mesh topology involves each device being connected to every other device.

Ring topology connects devices in a circular fashion.

Therefore, the star topology correctly describes a network where devices connect to a central hub or switch.

References:

"Data and Computer Communications" by William Stallings, which explains different network topologies.

"Network+ Guide to Networks" by Jill West, Tamara Dean, and Jean Andrews, which covers network configurations.

Proprietary softwareis a type of software that is owned by an individual or a company.

It is usually sold commercially and comes with acommercial software license.

This type of license typically restricts the ways in which the software can be used, modified, and distributed.

Users must agree to the terms of the license, which often include restrictions on copying, sharing, and modifying the software.

Example:Microsoft Windows and Adobe Photoshop are proprietary software products.

References:

"The Cathedral and the Bazaar" by Eric S. Raymond.

"Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing" by Andrew M. St. Laurent.

It is better to purchase software rather than build a software solution in-house when there is a short timeline. Building software from scratch requires significant time for development, testing, and deployment. Purchasing off-the-shelf software can significantly reduce the time needed to implement a solution. Other considerations include:

Cost-effectiveness: Pre-built software can be more cost-effective than developing a custom solution, especially when factoring in the costs of development, maintenance, and support.

Immediate availability: Purchased software is usually ready to deploy immediately, whereas custom development can take months or even years.

Proven reliability: Commercial software often has a track record of reliability and user support, reducing the risk of bugs and issues that may arise with custom development.

Therefore, when time is of the essence, purchasing software is the preferable option.

References

Ian Sommerville, "Software Engineering," Pearson.

Steve McConnell, "Rapid Development: Taming Wild Software Schedules," Microsoft Press.

Alpha testing is a type of system testing that involves having end users test the system with simulated data and the help of the developer. This phase is crucial because:

Early feedback: Users provide early feedback on the usability and functionality of the system.

Bug identification: Developers can identify and fix bugs before the system is released for beta testing or production.

Simulated environment: The testing is done in a controlled, simulated environment, often within the development organization.

Alpha testing is followed by beta testing, where the system is tested in a real-world environment by end users without the developers' direct involvement.

References

Ron Patton, "Software Testing," Sams Publishing.

Glenford J. Myers, "The Art of Software Testing," Wiley.

An input device is any hardware component that allows a user to enter data into a computer.

A scanner is an input device that converts physical documents into digital format.

The other options:

Printer is an output device.

Flash drive is a storage device.

CD can be both storage and media for input/output depending on the context but is not primarily used for direct data input.

Therefore, a scanner is the correct answer for an input device.

References:

"Introduction to Computer Science" by ITL Education Solutions Limited, which discusses input and output devices.

"Digital Fundamentals" by Thomas L. Floyd, which includes information on various peripherals.

A Local Area Network (LAN) requires a router to communicate over the Internet.

The router serves as a gateway that connects the LAN to the external network (Internet) and directs data traffic between the LAN and the Internet.

The other options:

Multiplexer combines multiple signals into one.

Repeater amplifies signals to extend the range.

Switch connects devices within the LAN but does not facilitate Internet communication.

Therefore, a router is the necessary device for a LAN to communicate over the Internet.

References:

"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach" by James Kurose and Keith Ross, which explains network devices and their functions.

"CCNA Routing and Switching Study Guide" by Todd Lammle, which covers routers and their roles in networks.

Application Software:

Application software refers to programs that help end users perform specific tasks. Examples include email clients, word processors, and spreadsheet programs.

These are designed to be used by people to perform tasks such as writing documents, managing data, or communicating.

Operating Systems:

Operating systems (OS) manage the hardware and software resources of a computer system. They provide a platform for application software to run.

Examples include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. The OS handles system-level tasks like memory management, process scheduling, and hardware interaction.

Key Differences:

Application software (B, C) is user-oriented, aimed at helping users complete tasks.

Operating systems (A, D) manage the computer's hardware and system resources.

References:

Application software: Application Software

Operating system functions: Operating System Functions

Intranet Application Software:

Intranet applications are designed to be used within an organization’s internal network. They are not accessible from outside the organization unless through a secure connection like a VPN.

Characteristics:

Internal Hosting: These applications are hosted on servers within the business network, ensuring that only authorized internal users can access them.

Security: Since they are hosted internally, they can be secured with internal security measures like firewalls and access controls.

Incorrect Options:

A: Describes applications hosted by external providers.

C: Describes applications hosted by third-party web portals.

D: Describes standalone applications on individual computers.

References:

Intranet applications: Intranet Applications

Business continuity planning (BCP) is essential because it ensures that an organization can quickly resume its critical functions after a disruption. The key aspects include:

Minimizing downtime: Strategies to restore business operations as quickly as possible.

Risk management: Identifying potential threats and creating plans to mitigate their impact.

Data recovery: Ensuring that data can be restored quickly in the event of a loss.

Communication plans: Establishing protocols for communicating with employees, customers, and stakeholders during and after a disruption.

The primary goal of BCP is to ensure the quickest return to business operations, maintaining service levels and minimizing financial losses.

References

Andrew Hiles, "The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management," Wiley.

Michael Wallace and Lawrence Webber, "The Disaster Recovery Handbook," AMACOM.