OGEA-10B Sample Questions Answers

A Stakeholder Map is a technique that can be used to identify and classify the stakeholders of the architecture work, and to document their key interests, requirements, and concerns. A stakeholder is any person, group, or organization that has a stake in the outcome of the architecture work, such as the sponsor, the client, the users, the suppliers, the regulators, or the competitors. A Stakeholder Map can help to understand the needs and expectations of the stakeholders, and to communicate and engage with them effectively1

The steps for creating a Stakeholder Map are:

• Identify the stakeholders of the architecture work, using various sources and methods, such as interviews, surveys, workshops, or existing documents.
• Classify the stakeholders according to their roles, responsibilities, and relationships, using various criteria and dimensions, such as power, influence, interest, attitude, or impact.
• Define the concerns and relevant views for each stakeholder group, using various techniques, such as business scenarios, use cases, or value propositions. A concern is a key interest or issue that is relevant to the stakeholder, such as a goal, a problem, a need, or a risk. A view is a representation of the system of interest from the perspective of one or more stakeholders and their concerns.
• Record the stakeholders and their concerns in a Stakeholder Map, which shows the mapping between the stakeholder groups, the concerns, and the views. The Stakeholder Map also shows the dependencies, assumptions, and issues related to each stakeholder and concern.

Therefore, the best answer is B, because it recommends the approach that would enable the development of an architecture that addresses the concerns of the CIO and the partners, using the Stakeholder Map technique. The answer covers the following aspects:

• An analysis of the stakeholders is undertaken, which involves identifying, classifying, and defining the stakeholders and their concerns.
• The stakeholders and their concerns are documented in a Stakeholder Map, which provides a clear and comprehensive picture of the stakeholder landscape and their interests.
• The concerns and relevant views are recorded in the Architecture Vision document, which is the output of Phase A: Architecture Vision of the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture. The Architecture Vision defines the scope and approach of the architecture work, and establishes the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture work. The Architecture Vision also involves obtaining the approval and commitment of the sponsors and other key stakeholders, and initiating the Architecture Governance process2
• The requirements include risk mitigation through regular assessments, which involves identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the risks that may affect the architecture, and determining the appropriate measures or actions to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the risks. Risk mitigation can also involve monitoring and reviewing the risk situation, and communicating and reporting the risk status and actions3
• This approach also allows a supervised agile implementation of the continuous Machine Learning, which involves applying agile principles and practices to the architecture development and implementation, such as iterative and incremental delivery, frequent feedback, collaboration, and adaptation. A supervised agile implementation can help to ensure the quality, value, and alignment of the architecture, and to respond to the changing needs and expectations of the stakeholders.

References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 24: Stakeholder Management 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 32: Risk Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 29: Applying Iteration to the ADM

According to the TOGAF Standard, an architecture view is a representation of a system from the perspective of a related set of concerns1. An architecture viewpoint is a specification of the conventions for a particular kind of architecture view1. Presenting different architecture views and architecture viewpoints to stakeholders helps architects to extract hidden agendas, principles, and requirements that could impact the final target architecture. This is because different stakeholders may have different concerns and interests in the system, and by showing them how the system addresses their concerns from different perspectives, the architects can elicit more feedback and validation from them2. For example, a business stakeholder may be interested in the business architecture view, which focuses on the business processes, functions, and capabilities of the system3. A security stakeholder may be interested in the enterprise security view, which addresses the security aspects of the system, such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability3. By presenting these views to the respective stakeholders, the architects can ensure that the system meets their expectations and needs, and also identify any potential issues or gaps that may affect the target architecture. References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architectural Artifacts - The Open Group1; 2: Understanding TOGAF Views and Viewpoints in Enterprise Architecture2; 3: Developing Architecture Views - The Open Group4

Phase A: Architecture Vision is the first phase of the Architecture Development Method (ADM) cycle, which is the core of the TOGAF standard. The main purpose of this phase is to define the scope and approach of the architecture development, and to create the Architecture Vision, which is a high-level description of the desired outcomes and benefits of the proposed architecture. To achieve this purpose, this phase focuses on defining the problem to be solved, identifying the stakeholders, their concerns, and requirements, and establishing the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture work. This phase also involves obtaining the approval and commitment of the sponsors and other key stakeholders, and initiating the Architecture Governance process.

References: : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 5: Introduction to the ADM : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18.3: Inputs : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18.4: Steps

Business scenarios are a technique for capturing, clarifying, and communicating the functional and non-functional requirements of a system. Business scenarios describe the business environment, the actors involved, the desired outcomes, and the processes or rules that govern the behavior of the system. Business scenarios are useful for ensuring that the architecture addresses the real needs and concerns of the stakeholders, and for validating and testing the architecture against expected situations. Business scenarios are developed in Phase A: Architecture Vision of the ADM cycle, and refined and updated throughout the other phases3 References: 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 26: Business Scenarios : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision

The Enterprise Continuum provides methods for classifying architecture artifacts as they evolve from generic architectures to Organization-Specific Architectures. Generic architectures are architectures that have been developed for use across a wide range of enterprises with similar characteristics. They provide common models, functions, and services that can be reused and adapted for specific purposes. Organization-Specific Architectures are architectures that have been tailored to meet the needs and requirements of a particular enterprise or a major organizational unit within an enterprise. They reflect the unique vision, goals, culture, structure, processes, systems, and technologies of that enterprise or unit. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.3 Enterprise Continuum.

Concerns are interests important to the stakeholders in a system. They are used to identify and classify the system’s stakeholders and to guide the selection of viewpoints for the architecture description. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.2.1 Architecture Viewpoints

The chart shown is a Gantt chart, which is commonly used for project management to illustrate a project schedule. In the context of TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework), which is a framework for enterprise architecture, this Gantt chart is demonstrating the sequenced approach to the Architecture Development Method (ADM). The ADM is the core process of TOGAF which provides a tested and repeatable process for developing architectures. The ADM is described as being iterative, over the whole process, between phases, and within phases. For each iteration of the ADM, a fresh decision must be taken about each of the parameters (scope, granularity, time period, and architecture assets).

The ADM consists of a number of phases that have to be followed in sequence:

• Preliminary Phase: Framework and principles
• Phase A: Architecture Vision
• Phase B: Business Architecture
• Phase C: Information Systems Architectures, including Data and Application Architectures
• Phase D: Technology Architecture
• Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions
• Phase F: Migration Planning
• Phase G: Implementation Governance
• Phase H: Architecture Change Management
• Requirements Management

Each phase is dependent on the outputs of the previous phase and the Requirements Management phase runs throughout. The Gantt chart clearly shows the dependency and sequence in which these phases occur, implying that a structured approach is followed to produce the enterprise architecture.

References:

• The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, a standard of The Open Group
• The TOGAF documentation available at https://publications.opengroup.org/standards/architecture and https://publications.opengroup.org/guides/architecture

 In the ADM documents which are under development and have not undergone any formal review and approval process are called “draft”. This indicates that they are subject to change and refinement as the architecture development progresses. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 4.2.5 Architecture Deliverables.

The TOGAF standard divides Enterprise Architecture into four primary architecture domains: business, data, application, and technology. These domains represent different aspects of an enterprise and how they relate to each other. The business domain defines the business strategy, governance, organization, and key business processes. The data domain describes the structure of the logical and physical data assets and data management resources. The application domain provides a blueprint for the individual applications to be deployed, their interactions, and their relationships to the core business processes. The technology domain describes the logical software and hardware capabilities that are required to support the deployment of business, data, and application services. Other domains, such as motivation, security, or governance, may span across these four primary domains. References:

• The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Core Concepts
• Domains - The Open Group
• TOGAF® Standard — Introduction - Definitions - The Open Group
• The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Definitions - The Open Group
• TOGAF and the history of enterprise architecture | Enable Architect

The purpose of Enterprise Architecture is to guide effective change by providing a coherent and consistent view of the enterprise’s current and future state, as well as the roadmap and principles for achieving it. Enterprise Architecture helps to align business and IT strategies, optimize resources and investments, reduce complexity and risks, enhance agility and innovation, and deliver value to stakeholders. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 1.3 Executive Overview.

Strategy Portfolio Project Solution Delivery are the four purposes that typically frame the planning horizon, depth and breadth of an Architecture Project, and the contents of the EA Repository. They correspond to different levels of abstraction and granularity in the architecture development process. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2 - The Open Group, Section 2.4 Architecture Repository.

The illustration shows the relationship between the Enterprise Continuum, the Architecture Continuum, and the Solutions Continuum, which are key concepts in the TOGAF framework. The Enterprise Continuum is a view of the Architecture Repository that shows how generic foundation architectures can be leveraged and specialized to support the requirements of an individual organization. The Architecture Continuum specifies a structured classification for architectural artifacts, such as models, patterns, and descriptions, that can be reused and adapted across different domains and levels of abstraction. The Solutions Continuum identifies implemented solutions that support various stages of business and IT capability evolution, such as common systems, industry solutions, and organization-specific solutions. The illustration also shows how the architecture context and requirements are influenced by external factors, such as business drivers, stakeholders, and standards, and how they shape the generic and specific architectures and solutions. The illustration also shows how the deployed solutions become part of the architecture context for future iterations of the architecture development cycle. References:

•TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, Part II: Architecture Development Method, Chapter 6: Architecture Repository, Section 6.2 Enterprise Continuum.

•TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 35: Enterprise Continuum and Tools, Section 35.1 Introduction.

The purpose of the Preliminary Phase is to architect an Enterprise Architecture Capability that meets the needs and expectations of the enterprise’s stakeholders and supports and enables subsequent phases of architecture development and transition. This phase involves defining the scope, principles, framework, and governance for the Enterprise Architecture Capability. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.2 Preliminary Phase.

According to the TOGAF standard, the deliverables that match the descriptions are as follows:

• 1 Architecture Principles: These are general rules and guidelines, intended to be enduring and seldom amended, that inform and support the way in which an organization sets about fulfilling its mission1. They reflect a level of consensus among the various elements of the enterprise, and form the basis for making future IT decisions1.
• 2 Architecture Contracts: These are the joint agreements between development partners and sponsors on the deliverables, quality, and fitness-for-purpose of an architecture2. They are used to ensure that the architecture is implemented and governed according to the agreed-upon specifications and standards2.
• 3 Request for Architecture Work: This is a document that is sent from the sponsoring organization to the architecture organization to trigger the start of an architecture development cycle3. It defines the scope, schedule, budget, deliverables, and stakeholders of the architecture project3.
• 4 Architecture Requirements Specification: This is a set of quantitative statements that outline what an implementation project must do in order to comply with the architecture4. It defines the requirements for each architecture domain, as well as the relationships and dependencies among them4.

References: 1: Architecture Principles 2: Architecture Contracts 3: Request for Architecture Work 4: Architecture Requirements Specification

According to the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, architecture governance is “the practice by which enterprise architectures and other architectures are managed and controlled at an enterprise-wide level” 1. Architecture governance ensures that the architecture development and implementation are aligned with the strategic objectives, principles, standards, and requirements of the enterprise, and that they deliver the expected value and outcomes. Architecture governance also involves establishing and maintaining the architecture framework, repository, board, contracts, and compliance reviews 1. The other options are not correct, as they are not the term used by the TOGAF Standard to describe the practice by which the enterprise architecture is managed and controlled at an enterprise-wide level. Corporate governance is “the system by which an organization is directed and controlled” 2, and it covers aspects such as leadership, strategy, performance, accountability, and ethics. IT governance is “the system by which the current and future use of IT is directed and controlled” 2, and it covers aspects such as IT strategy, policies, standards, and services. Technology governance is “the system by which the technology decisions and investments are directed and controlled” 3, and it covers aspects such as technology selection, acquisition, deployment, and maintenance. References: 1: TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, Part VI: Architecture Governance, Chapter 44: Introduction. 2: TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, Part I: Introduction, Chapter 3: Definitions. 3: TOGAF Series Guide: Using the TOGAF Framework to Define and Govern Service-Oriented Architectures, Part II: Using the TOGAF Framework to Define and Govern Service-Oriented Architectures, Chapter 5: Technology Governance.

Gap analysis is a technique that is used to validate an architecture by highlighting the shortfall between the Baseline Architecture and the Target Architecture. One of the purposes of gap analysis is to identify missing functions that are either deliberately omitted, accidentally left out, or not yet defined in the Target Architecture. Missing functions are marked as gaps that need to be filled by developing or procuring the building blocks. 

The objective of the ADM Implementation Governance Phase is to provide an architectural oversight of the implementation and to ensure conformance for the target architecture. This phase involves establishing procedures and processes to monitor and control the implementation projects and to verify that they comply with the defined architecture. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.2.7 Phase G: Implementation Governance.

The best answer is C. You would hold a series of interviews at each of the manufacturing plants using the business scenarios technique. This will allow you to understand the systems and integrations with local partners. You would use stakeholder analysis to identify key players in the engagement, and to understand their concerns. You will then identify and document the key high-level stakeholder requirements for the architecture. You will then generate high level definitions of the baseline and target architectures.

This answer is based on the TOGAF standard, which recommends the following steps to initiate the architecture project1:

• Establish the architecture project
• Identify stakeholders, concerns, and business requirements
• Confirm and elaborate business goals, business drivers, and constraints
• Evaluate business capabilities
• Assess readiness for business transformation
• Define scope
• Confirm and elaborate Architecture Principles, including business principles
• Develop Architecture Vision
• Define the Target Architecture value propositions and KPIs
• Identify the business transformation risks and mitigation activities
• Secure stakeholder and sponsor approval

The answer C covers most of these steps, by using the business scenarios technique to elicit and validate the business requirements, goals, drivers, and constraints, as well as the current and future states of the architecture2. The answer C also uses stakeholder analysis to identify and engage the key stakeholders, and to address their concerns and expectations3. The answer C also generates high level definitions of the baseline and target architectures, which can be used to develop the Architecture Vision and the value propositions4.

The other answers are not the best approach for architecture development, because:

• Answer A focuses on researching vendor literature and conducting briefings with vendors, which is not the best way to understand the business needs and the current situation of the enterprise. Answer A also defines a preliminary Architecture Vision without involving the stakeholders or validating the requirements, which may lead to misalignment and lack of consensus.
• Answer B conducts a pilot project that will enable vendors to demonstrate potential solutions, which is premature and costly at this stage of the architecture project. Answer B also does not address the stakeholder concerns or the current systems and integrations, which may result in gaps and risks. Answer B also develops the requirements after the pilot project, which may not reflect the actual business needs and goals.
• Answer D develops baseline and target architectures for each of the manufacturing plants, which may not consider the enterprise-wide perspective and the potential benefits of a common ERP system. Answer D also does not involve the stakeholders or address their concerns, which may result in resistance and conflict. Answer D also does not define the business case or the performance metrics, which are essential for demonstrating the value and feasibility of the architecture.

References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Vision 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Business Scenarios 3: [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Stakeholder Management] 4: [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Definition Document]

According to the TOGAF standard, the Target Architecture is the description of a future state of the architecture being developed for an organization. It should be aligned with the Architecture Vision, Principles, and Requirements that have been agreed with the stakeholders. To address the incompatibilities between key stakeholder preferences, the TOGAF standard recommends creating and evaluating multiple alternative Target Architectures that meet different sets of criteria. These criteria should reflect the value preferences and priorities of the stakeholders, as well as the business drivers and objectives. The alternative Target Architectures should be illustrated using a set of architecture views that show the impact of each alternative on the business, data, application, and technology domains. The impact on planned projects should also be identified and analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of each alternative should be understood and documented. A formal stakeholder review should then be conducted to decide which alternative is the most fit for purpose and should be moved forward with. The funding required for implementing the chosen alternative should also be determined and secured. References:

• The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase B: Business Architecture - The Open Group
• The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - The Open Group
• [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase D: Technology Architecture - The Open Group]
• [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions - The Open Group]
• [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase F: Migration Planning - The Open Group]

A Consolidated Gaps, Solutions and Dependencies Matrix is a technique that can be used to create work packages for an incremental rollout of the architecture. A work package is a set of actions or tasks that are required to implement a specific part of the architecture. A work package can be associated with one or more Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs) or Solution Building Blocks (SBBs), which are reusable components of business, IT, or architectural capability. A work package can also be associated with one or more Capability Increments, which are defined, discrete portions of the overall capability that deliver business value. A Capability Increment can be realized by one or more Transition Architectures, which are intermediate states of the architecture that enable the transition from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture123

The steps for creating work packages using this technique are:

• For each gap between the Baseline Architecture and the Target Architecture, identify a proposed solution and classify it as new development, purchased solution, or based on an existing product. A gap is a difference or deficiency in the current state of the architecture that needs to be addressed by the future state of the architecture. A solution is a way of resolving a gap by implementing one or more ABBs or SBBs.
• Group similar solutions together to define the work packages. Similar solutions are those that have common characteristics, such as functionality, technology, vendor, or location.
• Identify dependencies between work packages, such as logical, temporal, or resource dependencies. Dependencies indicate the order or priority of the work packages, and the constraints or risks that may affect their implementation.
• Regroup the work packages into a set of Capability Increments to transition to the Target Architecture. Capability Increments should be defined based on the business value, effort, and risk associated with each work package, and the schedule and objectives of the clinical trials. Capability Increments should also be aligned with the Architecture Vision and the Architecture Principles.
• Document the work packages and the Capability Increments in an Architecture Definition Increments Table, which shows the mapping between the work packages, the ABBs, the SBBs, and the Capability Increments. The table also shows the dependencies, assumptions, and issues related to each work package and Capability Increment.

Therefore, the best answer is B, because it describes the approach to identify the work packages for an incremental rollout meeting the requirements, using the Consolidated Gaps, Solutions and Dependencies Matrix as a planning tool.

References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Gap Analysis 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 36: Building Blocks 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 31: Architecture Change Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 23: Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 23: Architecture Principles

A security domain model is a technique that can be used to define the security requirements and policies for the architecture. A security domain is a grouping of assets that share a common level of security and trust. A security policy is a set of rules and procedures that govern the access and protection of the assets within a security domain. A security domain model can help to identify the security domains, the assets within each domain, the security policies for each domain, and the relationships and dependencies between the domains1

Since the data is being shared across partners, a security federation is needed to establish a trust relationship and a common security framework among the different parties. A security federation is a collection of security domains that have agreed to interoperate under a set of shared security policies and standards. A security federation can enable secure data exchange and collaboration across organizational boundaries, while preserving the autonomy and privacy of each party. A security federation requires contractual arrangements, and a definition of the responsibility areas for the data exchanged, as well as security implications2

A risk assessment is a process that identifies, analyzes, and evaluates the risks that may affect the architecture. A risk assessment can help to determine the likelihood and impact of the threats and vulnerabilities that may compromise the security and privacy of the data assets. A risk assessment can also help to prioritize and mitigate the risks, and to monitor and review the risk situation3

Therefore, the best answer is D, because it describes the risk and security considerations that would be included in the current phase of the architecture development, which is focused on the Business Architecture. The answer covers the security domain model, the security federation, and the risk assessment techniques that are relevant to the scenario.

References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 35: Security Architecture and the ADM 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 38: Security Architecture 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 32: Risk Management

Based on the TOGAF standard, this answer is the best approach for architecture development to realize the CEO’s change in direction for the company. The reason is as follows:

• The scenario describes a major business transformation that requires a clear understanding of the current and future states of the enterprise, as well as the gaps and opportunities for change. Therefore, the priority is to understand and bring structure to the definition of the change, rather than focusing on the implementation details or the technology aspects.
• The team should use the TOGAF ADM as the method and guiding framework for architecture development, and adapt it to suit the specific needs and context of the enterprise. The team should also leverage the existing Architecture Capability and the Architecture Repository to reuse and integrate relevant architecture assets and resources.
• The team should focus iteration cycles on a baseline first approach to architecture development, which means starting with the definition of the Baseline Architecture in each domain (Business, Data, Application, and Technology), and then defining the Target Architecture in each domain. This will help to identify the current and desired states of the enterprise, and to perform a gap analysis to determine what needs to change in order to achieve the business goals and objectives.
• The team should then focus on transition planning, which involves identifying and prioritizing the work packages, projects, and activities that will deliver the change. The team should also create an Architecture Roadmap and an Implementation and Migration Plan that will guide the execution and governance of the change.
• The team should use the Architecture Vision phase and the Requirements Management phase to work out in detail what the shared vision is for the change, and to capture and validate the stakeholder requirements and expectations. The team should also use the Architecture Governance framework to ensure the quality, consistency, and compliance of the architecture work.

References: : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Development Method : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Requirements Management : [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Governance]

The Business Value Assessment Technique is a technique that can be used to estimate and compare the business value of the projects and project increments that implement the architecture work packages, which are the sets of actions or tasks that are required to implement a specific part of the architecture. The business value is the measure of the benefits or advantages that the project or project increment delivers to the business, such as increased revenue, reduced costs, improved quality, or enhanced customer satisfaction1

The steps for applying the Business Value Assessment Technique are:

• Identify the criteria and factors that are relevant to the business value assessment, such as costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities. The criteria and factors should be aligned with the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture work, and the stakeholder requirements and concerns that influence the architecture work.
• Assign weights and scores to the criteria and factors, using various methods, such as expert judgment, historical data, or analytical models. The weights and scores should reflect the importance and performance of the criteria and factors, and the trade-offs and preferences of the stakeholders.
• Calculate the business value for each project or project increment, using various techniques, such as net present value, return on investment, or balanced scorecard. The business value should indicate the expected or actual outcomes and impacts of the project or project increment on the business.
• Prioritize the implementation projects and project increments, based on the business value and other considerations, such as dependencies, resources, or risks. The prioritization should determine the order or sequence of the projects and project increments, and the allocation and utilization of the resources.

Therefore, the best answer is C, because it describes the next steps for the migration planning, which are the activities that support the transition from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture. The answer covers the Business Value Assessment Technique, which is relevant to the scenario.

References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 28: Business Value Assessment Technique : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 36: Building Blocks

Business continuity is the ability of an organization to maintain essential functions during and after a disaster or disruption. Business continuity requirements are the specifications and criteria that define the acceptable level of performance and availability of the business processes and services in the event of a disaster or disruption. A gap analysis is a technique that compares the current state of the architecture with the desired state, and identifies the gaps or differences that need to be addressed. A change request is a formal proposal for an amendment to some product or system, such as the architecture. A Request for Architecture Work is a document that describes the scope, approach, and expected outcomes of an architecture project123

The best answer is A, because it describes the steps that would improve the resilience of the current architecture, which is the ability to withstand and recover from a ransomware attack or any other disruption. The steps are:

• Determine the business continuity requirements, which specify the minimum acceptable level of performance and availability of the business processes and services in case of a ransomware attack. This would involve identifying the critical business functions, the recovery time objectives, the recovery point objectives, and the dependencies and resources needed for recovery.
• Undertake a gap analysis of the current Enterprise Architecture, which compares the current state of the architecture with the desired state based on the business continuity requirements. This would involve assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the current architecture, the risks and opportunities for improvement, and the gaps or differences that need to be addressed.
• Make recommendations for change requirements to address the situation and create a change request. This would involve proposing solutions and alternatives to close the gaps, enhance the resilience, and mitigate the risks of the current architecture. The change request would document the rationale, scope, impact, and benefits of the proposed changes, and seek approval from the relevant stakeholders.
• Manage a meeting of the Architecture Board to assess and approve the change request. The Architecture Board is a governance body that oversees the architecture work and ensures compliance with the architecture principles, standards, and goals. The meeting would involve presenting the change request, discussing the pros and cons, resolving any issues or conflicts, and obtaining the approval or rejection of the change request.
• Once approved, produce a new Request for Architecture Work to activate an ADM cycle to carry out a project to define the change. The Request for Architecture Work would describe the scope, approach, and expected outcomes of the architecture project that would implement the approved change request. The Request for Architecture Work would initiate a new cycle of the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture.

References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 33: Business Scenarios 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Gap Analysis 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 31: Architecture Change Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 7: Request for Architecture Work : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 34: Business Transformation Readiness Assessment : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Gap Analysis : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 31: Architecture Change Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 50: Architecture Governance : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 7: Request for Architecture Work

The Target Architecture is a description of the future state of the architecture that addresses the business goals and drivers, and satisfies the stakeholder requirements and concerns. The Target Architecture is developed through the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture. The Target Architecture is typically divided into four domains: Business, Data, Application, and Technology. The Target Architecture also includes a roadmap for change, which defines the Transition Architectures, the Capability Increments, and the work packages that enable the transition from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture12

The best answer is B, because it describes the approach that should be taken to determine and organize the work to deliver the requested architectures, which are the Information Systems and Technology Architectures. The answer covers the following steps:

• Refer to the end-to-end Target Architecture for guidance and direction. The end-to-end Target Architecture provides the overall vision, scope, and objectives of the architecture work, and the alignment with the business strategy and goals. The end-to-end Target Architecture also provides the high-level definitions and principles for the four architecture domains, and the roadmap for change that outlines the major milestones and deliverables.
• Identify projects, dependencies and synergies, then prioritize before initiating the projects. Projects are the units of work that implement the architecture work packages, which are the sets of actions or tasks that are required to implement a specific part of the architecture. Dependencies are the relationships and constraints that affect the order or priority of the projects, such as logical, temporal, or resource dependencies. Synergies are the benefits or advantages that result from the combination or coordination of the projects, such as cost savings, efficiency gains, or innovation opportunities. Prioritization is the process of ranking the projects according to their importance, urgency, or value, and assigning resources and schedules accordingly.
• Develop high-level architecture descriptions. High-level architecture descriptions are the outputs of the architecture development phases (B, C, and D) of the ADM cycle, which describe the Business, Data, Application, and Technology Architectures in terms of the Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs) and the Solution Building Blocks (SBBs), which are reusable components of business, IT, or architectural capability. High-level architecture descriptions also include the Architecture Views, which are representations of the system of interest from the perspective of one or more stakeholders and their concerns.
• For each project, estimate effort size, identify reference architectures, and candidate building blocks. Effort size is the measure of the amount of work, time, or resources required to complete a project. Effort size can be estimated using various techniques, such as analogy, expert judgment, parametric, or bottom-up. Reference architectures are standardized architectures that provide a common framework and vocabulary for a specific domain or industry. Reference architectures can be used as a source of best practices, patterns, and models for the architecture development. Candidate building blocks are the potential ABBs or SBBs that can be used to implement the architecture. Candidate building blocks can be identified from the Architecture Repository, which is a collection of architecture assets, such as models, patterns, principles, standards, and guidelines.
• Identify the resource needs considering cost and value. Resource needs are the specifications and criteria that define the acceptable level and quality of the resources required to complete the project, such as human, financial, physical, or technological resources. Resource needs can be identified by analyzing the scope, complexity, and dependencies of the project, and the availability, capability, and suitability of the resources. Cost and value are the factors that influence the allocation and utilization of the resources, such as the budget, the return on investment, the benefits, or the risks.
• Document options, risks, and controls to enable viability analysis and trade-off with the stakeholders. Options are the alternative ways of achieving the project objectives, such as different solutions, technologies, vendors, or approaches. Risks are the effects of uncertainty on the project objectives, such as threats or opportunities. Controls are the measures or actions that are taken to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the risks, such as policies, procedures, or standards. Viability analysis is the process of evaluating and comparing the options, risks, and controls, and determining the feasibility, suitability, and desirability of each option. Trade-off is the decision outcome that balances and reconciles the multiple, often conflicting, requirements and concerns of the stakeholders, and ensures alignment with the Architecture Vision and the Architecture Principles.

References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 5: Introduction to the ADM 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 36: Building Blocks : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 19: Phase B: Business Architecture : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 20: Phase C: Information Systems Architectures : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 23: Architecture Principles : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Trade-Off Analysis : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 46: Tools for Architecture Development : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 47: Architecture Board : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 48: Architecture Compliance : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 49: Architecture Contract : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 50: Architecture Governance : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 51: Architecture Maturity Models : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 52: Architecture Skills Framework