PDI Sample Questions Answers

Apex Trigger (Option B):

An Apex trigger can be written on the Container__c object to prevent deletion unless the Status__c field value is "Decommissioned".

This allows custom logic to be executed during the deletion process.

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) are the best choice for creating custom UI components in Salesforce. They provide robust features such as event handling and server-side communication, allowing for validation of user input before saving data.

Option C implements a before insert trigger to prevent the creation of Request__c records when specific conditions exist. It uses the addError method to display an error to users.

Example of correct logic:

trigger RequestTrigger on Request__c (before insert) {

for (Request__c req : Trigger.new) {

if (!RequestLogic.isValid(req)) {

req.addError('Your request cannot be created at this time.');

}

}

}

The Lightning Component Framework simplifies development by providing built-in device awareness, enabling components to adapt automatically for different devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and desktops.

Using a formula field is the most efficient solution to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets. It minimizes maintenance overhead by dynamically calculating the value based on the existing roll-up summary fields.

Example Formula:

Total_Rejected_Timesheets__c / Total_Approved_Timesheets__c

Why Lightning Pages?

The Lightning Component framework is designed for building responsive Lightning Pages.

Allows for dynamic and modular development.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Salesforce Classic does not support Lightning Components.

C: JavaScript buttons are replaced by Quick Actions in Lightning Experience.

D: While integrations are possible, the framework is not primarily used for integrations.

Lightning Components Overview: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

Why Quick Actions?

Quick Actions allow developers to create prepopulated forms for creating or updating records.

They are a modern alternative to JavaScript buttons in Lightning Experience.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Validation rules enforce data integrity but do not create records.

B: Apex triggers automate processes but are not used for user-initiated actions.

C: Record-triggered flows execute automatically when records are created or updated, but they do not replace JavaScript buttons for user-initiated actions.

Quick Actions: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.quick_actions_create.htm

References:

To override the Edit button in both Salesforce Classic and Lightning Experience:

Use a Visualforce page for Salesforce Classic.

Use a Lightning component for Lightning Experience by configuring the Lightning override.

For declarative development:

A. Record-Triggered Flow: Allows building complex logic declaratively without code.

D. Validation Rules: Enforce data quality by validating record fields before saving.

Anonymous Apex allows developers to execute ad hoc code snippets without creating a permanent class or trigger. It is useful for tasks like bulk data manipulation or testing.

B. Deleting 15,000 inactive Accounts:

Anonymous Apex can perform ad hoc bulk operations to clean up data after a deployment.

Example:

Use Cases:List inactiveAccounts = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE IsActive__c = false LIMIT 15000];

delete inactiveAccounts;

C. Running a batch Apex class:

Anonymous Apex can execute batch jobs for data processing.

Example:

apex

Copy code

Database.executeBatch(new UpdateContactBatch());

A. Schedule an Apex class to run periodically: This requires a scheduled job, not Anonymous Apex.

D. Add unit test code coverage: Unit tests must be written in test classes and cannot be added using Anonymous Apex.

Anonymous Apex: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_execute_anonymous.htm

Why Not the Other Options?References:

The Data Import Wizard allows importing data while adhering to Salesforce's sharing and security model. By setting field-level security, sensitive fields can be hidden from unauthorized users.

Other Options:

Option A: Encrypting data externally is unnecessary since Salesforce has built-in security features.

Option B: Using the Data Loader with Apex adds unnecessary complexity.

Option D: The Salesforce CLI does not provide direct data import capabilities with security settings.

The code snippet in question creates and inserts an account named MyAccount and then initializes a loop to add additional accounts.

The loop runs from x = 1 and continues adding accounts until x < 10.

Since the condition x++ is post-increment, the loop runs exactly 10 times, creating and adding 10 new accounts to the newAccounts list.

At the end, the insert DML statement persists these 10 new accounts, along with the already existing account (MyAccount).

Total accounts in the org:

Existing accounts = 5

New accounts added = 10

Total = 15

References:

Salesforce Apex Developer Guide

Salesforce SOQL & SOSL Reference

A master-detail relationship from Engineering_Support__c to Opportunity allows multiple child Engineering_Support__c records to be associated with a single parent Opportunity. It also enables roll-up summary fields to aggregate data from the child records onto the parent Opportunity.

Validation Rule (A):A validation rule can restrict the modification of Opportunity records when the stage is set to Closed/Won. This ensures data consistency without requiring code.

Scratch orgs are temporary, source-driven Salesforce environments used for development and testing. They allow developers to:

Work on independent features without interfering with each other's configurations.

Utilize a source-driven development model for CI/CD pipelines.

 Execution Flow:

Initially, x = 0.

Inside the do block:

x = 1 is set.

x++ increments x to 2.

The condition x < 1 is evaluated. Since x = 2, the condition is false, and the loop exits.

 Value of x in Debug Log:

Final value of x after the loop is 2.

The @RestResource annotation exposes an Apex class as a RESTful web service. The urlMapping parameter defines the endpoint's URL.

B. Updates to FeedItem:

Triggers can fire when FeedItem records are updated, such as posts on records or Chatter updates.

C. Cascading delete operations:

When a parent record is deleted, cascading delete operations on related child records can trigger child object triggers.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Changing a user's default division does not fire triggers.

D: Renaming or replacing a picklist entry does not fire triggers.

Trigger Events: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_triggers_context_variables_considerations.htm

References:

A record-triggered flow is the recommended tool for this scenario because it:

Can compare the Contact.MailingState field with the Preferred_Locations__c field on the Job__c record.

Automatically updates or calculates values whenever changes are made, keeping data in sync without requiring Apex code or custom development.

Why Data Loader?

Data Loader supports all standard and custom objects, including Opportunities.

It is suitable for importing large data volumes like 500 records.

Why Not Data Import Wizard?

The Data Import Wizard does not support all objects, such as Opportunities.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Data Loader does not automatically relate Opportunities to Accounts unless provided external IDs.

B: Data Loader is a desktop application, not browser-based.

D: The Data Import Wizard can handle more than 500 records for supported objects, but it doesn't support Opportunities.

Data Loader Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.dataLoader.meta/dataLoader/

References:

A. Junction object between Applicant and Job:

Since an Applicant can apply for multiple Jobs and each Job can have multiple Applicants, this is a many-to-many relationship.

Salesforce requires a junction object to represent many-to-many relationships. The junction object will have two master-detail relationships: one to the Applicant object and one to the Job object.

The junction object could be named something like JobApplication__c, which would represent the specific instance of an applicant applying for a particular job.

Why this is the correct approach?

A junction object allows for robust data management and reporting capabilities in a many-to-many relationship.

This design ensures that each combination of applicant and job is captured as a unique record in the JobApplication__c junction object.

It also allows storing additional details about the application, such as application date, status, and feedback.

Why not the other options?

B. Lookup field from Applicant to Job:

A lookup field creates a one-to-many relationship. While an Applicant could reference one Job, it does not support the many-to-many relationship required in this scenario.

C. Master-detail field from Applicant to Job:

A master-detail relationship is a one-to-many relationship, which is unsuitable for a many-to-many relationship. Additionally, you cannot have two master-detail fields on a single object to connect Applicant and Job directly.

D. Formula field on Applicant that references Job:

A formula field cannot establish relationships between records or represent a many-to-many relationship. It is only for computed fields.

References:

Creating Many-to-Many Relationships with Junction Objects

Master-Detail and Lookup Relationship Details

In Visualforce, to specify a standard controller for a custom object, the syntax is controller="ObjectName__c".

To add custom functionality, you can use an extensions attribute to include a controller extension.

Why not other options?

A: The correct syntax is controller, not standardController, for custom objects.

B and C: These are syntactically incorrect.

References:

Visualforce Pages Documentation

Scratch orgs are created using the Salesforce CLI (sfdx force:org:create) as part of Salesforce DX. It is specifically designed for development and testing purposes.

Why not other options?

B: Sandbox refresh is used for creating sandboxes, not scratch orgs.

C: Developer Console is used for debugging and code development but cannot create scratch orgs.

D: Workbench is a tool for API testing and data manipulation, not for scratch org creation.

References:

Salesforce CLI and Scratch Orgs

The quickest way to make Visualforce pages styled like Lightning Experience is by incorporating SLDS. This provides consistent styling without rewriting the applications.

Why not other options?

A: Rewriting all Visualforce pages as Lightning components is time-consuming and not efficient.

B: There is no attribute enableLightning in Visualforce.

C: Enabling Lightning Experience compatibility does not apply styling automatically.

References:

Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS)

Why Data Export Scheduled Job?

Salesforce provides an out-of-the-box Data Export feature that allows organizations to back up their data, including attachments.

This feature can be scheduled to run automatically on a monthly basis, fulfilling the requirement.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Schedule a Report: Does not export attachments and is limited to reportable data.

B. Data Loader Command Line: Requires manual setup and scripting, which is unnecessary for this requirement.

D. Create a Schedulable Apex class: Not suitable, as the Data Export tool is more efficient for full data and attachment backup.

Data Export Documentation: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.data_export_overview.htm

References:

When writing test classes, accessing the Standard Price Book is essential for creating OpportunityLineItem records.

The method Test.getStandardPricebookId() is specifically designed to retrieve the Standard Price Book ID in a test class context. This ensures you can work with the price book without requiring @isTest(SeeAllData=true).

Why not other options?

B: @isTest(SeeAllData=true) is not recommended because it violates Salesforce best practices by accessing actual org data.

C: @TestVisible is used for visibility between classes but does not relate to retrieving Standard Price Book.

D: Test.loadData() loads test data from static resources but is unnecessary for accessing the Standard Price Book.

References:

Salesforce Testing Framework

Apex Testing Best Practices

Why External ID?

The Order Number is used to identify records uniquely, both in Salesforce and in external systems.

Marking it as an External ID ensures it can be matched or referenced during data imports and integrations.

Why Unique?

Setting the field as Unique ensures that duplicate values are not allowed for the Order Number.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Indirect Lookup: Used for external object relationships, which is not applicable here.

B. Direct Lookup: Not relevant for unique field identification.

D. Lookup: Used for creating relationships, not for identifying unique fields.

External ID Field: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.object_reference.meta/object_reference/field_types.htm

References:

Interfaces in Java and Salesforce Apex:

In Java or Apex, interfaces define a contract that classes must fulfill. They provide method signatures that any implementing class must define.

The keyword implements is used to implement an interface.

Classes and Inheritance:

A class in Java/Apex cannot use extends to inherit from an interface. The extends keyword is reserved for inheriting from another class, while implements is used for interfaces.

Multiple Interfaces:

A class can implement multiple interfaces in both Java and Salesforce Apex. This is done by separating interface names with commas after the implements keyword.

Correct Syntax:

To create a DrawList class that implements both Sortable and Drawable interfaces, the syntax must:

Use implements for interfaces.

Provide implementations for all methods defined in the interfaces.

Analysis of Options:

Option A:

Uses implements for each interface separately, which is syntactically incorrect in Java/Apex.

Invalid due to redundancy.

Option B:

Correctly uses implements for multiple interfaces separated by a comma.

Provides implementations for both methods, sort() and draw().

Option C and D:

Use extends for interfaces, which is invalid. Interfaces cannot be extended by classes.

Final Implementation:

public class DrawList implements Sortable, Drawable {

public void sort() {

// Implementation of sort method

}

public void draw() {

// Implementation of draw method

}

}

References:

Apex Classes and Interfaces Documentation

Trailhead Module on Apex Interfaces

Option B is the correct implementation as it adheres to the rules for working with interfaces in Java/Apex.

Option A: Using variable binding eliminates the need for concatenating dynamic values in the query, which is the safest approach.

Option B: Using String.escapeSingleQuotes ensures special characters are handled safely, reducing the risk of SOQL injection.

Not Suitable:

Option C: While with sharing ensures sharing rules are applied, it does not prevent SOQL injection.

Option D: Regular expressions are not a reliable method for sanitizing input.

Best practices in Apex development for triggers and service layers include:

Avoiding DML operations and queries in loops.

Handling bulk processing efficiently.

Option A ensures compliance by performing all updates at the end, reducing the risk of hitting governor limits.

An External ID field is used to match data in Salesforce with data from external systems (like an on-premise SQL database). It allows for easy upserts and data integration without relying on Salesforce IDs.

Why not other options?

A: External objects are used for real-time integration with external systems but do not address data matching directly.

C: Formula fields are calculated fields and cannot be used for data matching.

D: Lookup fields are used for creating relationships between objects within Salesforce, not for matching external data.

To ensure that the TestUtils class and its methods are only accessible by unit test methods, the class must be annotated with the @isTest annotation. This annotation limits the scope of the class and its methods to test contexts only.

Why @isTest?

Purpose of @isTest:

The @isTest annotation marks a class or method for use exclusively within test scenarios. It prevents the methods from being accidentally invoked in production code.

This ensures better test isolation and prevents misuse.

Static Test Data Methods:

Marking helper methods for test data creation as @isTest ensures they do not interfere with production code and are strictly for testing purposes.

Analysis of Options:

Option A: @isTest above line 03:

Incorrect. Applying @isTest only to the createAccount method would work, but the other methods in the class would still be accessible. This does not satisfy the requirement of restricting the entire class.

Option B: Add @isTest above line 01:

Correct. Annotating the class ensures all methods within the class are accessible only in the context of tests.

Option C: Change public to private on line 01:

Incorrect. Changing the class to private would cause a compilation error, as top-level classes in Salesforce cannot be declared private.

Option D: Remove static from line 03:

Incorrect. Removing static does not affect the test scope of the class or its methods. Static methods can still be invoked, and this does not restrict access to test contexts.

Correct Implementation:

The corrected code would look like this:

@isTest

public class TestUtils {

public static Account createAccount() {

Account acct = new Account();

// Set some fields on acct

return acct;

}

// Other methods...

}

References:

Apex Testing: Test Classes and Methods

Trailhead Module on Apex Testing

In Apex, a class can extend a virtual class (similar to abstract classes in Java) by using the extends keyword. This allows the subclass (CustomerOrder) to inherit properties and methods from the parent virtual class (OrderRequest).

Option A: The tag ensures that scripts are loaded only once, even if referenced multiple times.

Option D: The tag allows you to specify the order of scripts to ensure dependencies are loaded correctly.

Option E: Externally hosted scripts can be loaded using the scripts attribute.

Not Suitable:

Option B (Loading scripts in parallel): Scripts are loaded sequentially to ensure proper dependency handling.

Option C (Loading Files from Documents): Files must be hosted externally or in static resources, not in Documents.

Pagination using a StandardSetController helps manage large datasets by loading only a subset of records at a time. This approach minimizes view state size, which is critical for handling large datasets like 10,000+ records.

Advantages of Lightning Web Components (LWC):

A. Rich component ecosystem:

LWCs have a modern, rich component library designed for modular and reusable development.

D. Self-contained and reusable units:

LWCs are designed to be modular, reusable, and self-contained, reducing duplication and enhancing maintainability.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Log capturing via Debug Logs Setup page: This is unrelated to LWC and is a debugging feature.

C. Built-in standard and custom set controllers: Relevant to Visualforce, not LWCs.

LWC Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

Apex Jobs Page:

Provides a user-friendly interface to view the status and details of enqueued jobs, including those implementing the Queueable interface.

AsyncApexJob Object:

The AsyncApexJob object stores information about queued Apex jobs.

Developers can query this object for job details like Status, JobType, etc.

Example SOQL Query:SELECT Id, Status, JobType, CreatedDate

FROM AsyncApexJob

WHERE JobType = 'Queueable'

Why Not Other Options?

A. Apex Status page: Not a relevant Salesforce feature.

D. Apex Flex Queue: Only applicable to Batch Apex jobs, not Queueable jobs.

AsyncApexJob: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api.meta/api/sforce_api_objects_asyncapexjob.htm

References:

Why Use final?

The final keyword ensures that a variable's value can only be assigned once.

Option B: Assigning the value in the constructor is valid as it allows for flexibility when creating class instances.

Option C: Assigning the value directly when declaring the variable is also valid for constants.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Static variables can have their values reassigned unless marked as final.

D: Static variables cannot be assigned within a class constructor.

Apex Final Keyword: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_final.htm

References:

Option C: Roll-up summary fields can cause triggers to fire again as they recalculate parent records.

Option D: After-save record-triggered flows can update records, which may fire triggers on those records.

Order of Execution Rules:

Step 1: Original record is loaded from the database.

Step 2: Field-level validations are performed, including maximum field lengths.

Step 3: Old values are overwritten with new record values.

Step 4: JavaScript validation runs in the browser.

Order of Execution Rules: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.238.0.salesforce_appdevelopment.meta/salesforce_appdevelopment/apex_triggers_order_of_execution.htm

References:

When troubleshooting batch Apex jobs:

Asynchronous Job Monitoring:

Navigate to Setup > Apex Jobs to view the status of the batch job.

Provides information such as success, errors, and total execution time.

This step is crucial to diagnose whether the issue is with system limits, batch size, or specific records.

Debug Logs:

After identifying the issue in the job monitoring page, use debug logs to pinpoint specific errors or bottlenecks.

B. Check the debug logs for the batch job: Debug logs are a secondary step after checking the job status.

C. Disable and recreate with fewer records: Premature without investigating the root cause.

D. Decrease the batch size: Adjusting batch size is a solution but only after identifying the cause of the timeout.

Asynchronous Job Monitoring: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=000331217 &type=1

Debugging Apex: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_debugging.htm

Why Not the Other Options?References:

The provided code attempts to update all Lead records in an environment with more than 2,000 records. This will likely exceed the governor limit for the total number of records processed in DML statements, which is 10,000 per transaction. To avoid this, the developer can use Database.update with batching logic.

Since the Case and Defect__c objects have a Private organization-wide default (OWD), their records must be explicitly shared for a user to gain access to the related Case_Defect__c record. Sharing both parent records ensures that the user can access the junction object and the associated parent objects.

An Apex REST class can be used to retrieve real-time data from an external order management system. The flow can then call the REST class to display the retrieved data on the screen dynamically.

Record-triggered flows allow automation to create tasks when an Opportunity is created. It is declarative, easy to maintain, and does not require custom code.

Steps:

Create a record-triggered flow for the Opportunity object.

Set it to run on record creation.

Use the "Create Records" element to create a task for the Opportunity owner.

Change sets can only be used between related organizations:

Change sets require a relationship between the source and target Salesforce orgs, such as a production org and its sandboxes. You cannot use change sets between unrelated Salesforce orgs.

The Apex Interactive Debugger allows developers to step through code execution in real time, which is the most effective way to identify the root cause of the duplication issue.

Database.insert(records, false):

The Database.insert() method with the allOrNone parameter set to false allows for partial success.

If some records in the list fail due to validation rules, triggers, or other errors, the method will still attempt to insert the remaining valid records.

The false parameter ensures that records that fail will not roll back the transaction for the others.

Why not the other options?

A. Database.insert(records, true):

The true parameter makes the operation transactional (all or none). If any record fails, all records will roll back.

B. insert records:

The insert DML statement behaves like Database.insert(records, true) by default and rolls back all records if any error occurs.

C. insert(records, false):

This syntax is invalid in Apex.

References:

Apex DML Operations Documentation

Database Methods

When an Account record is created, the following happens:

Before insert trigger increments the count field once.

After insert record-triggered flow executes and increments the count again.

When the record is subsequently updated:

Before update trigger increments the count again.

After update record-triggered flow increments it once more.

Thus, the final value of the count field = 4.

References:

Order of Execution in Salesforce

In Aura components:

B. Renderer: Contains custom rendering logic.

C. Controller: Manages user interaction and component events.

E. Helper: Contains reusable JavaScript functions for logic.

Option A: Governor limits are reset for each execution of the execute() method in a batch job because each batch is treated as a separate transaction.

Option C: Batch jobs use asynchronous governor limits, which are higher than synchronous limits.

Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is the recommended tool for Salesforce development. It supports the Salesforce Extensions Pack for debugging and fixing issues in Lightning Web Components (LWCs).

Not Suitable:

Option A: The Developer Console is less effective for LWC debugging.

Option B: The Force.com IDE is deprecated.

Option C: Execute Anonymous does not provide tools to debug or fix LWC bugs.

Why upsert?

The upsert statement inserts records that don’t exist and updates existing records based on the external ID (Order Number__c in this case).

Salesforce automatically recognizes and uses the external ID field for matching.

Why Not Other Options?

A and B: merge is for merging records, not for upserting.

C: Adding the field name after upsert is unnecessary, as Salesforce detects the external ID automatically.

Upsert Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/langCon_apex_dml_upsert.htm

References:

To embed a Lightning component in a Visualforce page, the following are required:

A: is necessary to include the Lightning framework on the Visualforce page.

C: $Lightning.use() initializes the Lightning app and is essential for using Lightning components.

Why not other options?

B: $Lightning.createComponent is used for creating a specific Lightning component but is not enough on its own.

D: includes SLDS (Styling) but is unrelated to embedding Lightning components.

E: This is not a valid syntax.

References:

Embedding Lightning Components in Visualforce