C1000-130 Sample Questions Answers

OpenShift Pipelines are based on Tekton, an open-source framework for building Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines natively in Kubernetes.

Tekton provides Kubernetes-native CI/CD functionality by defining pipeline resources as custom resources (CRDs) in OpenShift. This allows for scalable, cloud-native automation of software delivery.

Kubernetes-Native: Unlike Jenkins, which requires external servers or agents, Tekton runs natively in OpenShift/Kubernetes.

Serverless & Declarative: Pipelines are defined using YAML configurations, and execution is event-driven.

Reusable & Extensible: Developers can define Tasks, Pipelines, and Workspaces to create modular workflows.

Integration with GitOps: OpenShift Pipelines support Argo CD for GitOps-based deployment strategies.

Why Tekton is Used in OpenShift Pipelines?Example of a Tekton Pipeline Definition in OpenShift:apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1

kind: Pipeline

metadata:

name: example-pipeline

spec:

tasks:

- name: echo-hello

taskSpec:

steps:

- name: echo

image: ubuntu

script: |

#!/bin/sh

echo "Hello, OpenShift Pipelines!"

A. Travis → ❌ Incorrect

Travis CI is a cloud-based CI/CD service primarily used for GitHub projects, but it is not used in OpenShift Pipelines.

B. Jenkins → ❌ Incorrect

OpenShift previously supported Jenkins-based CI/CD, but OpenShift Pipelines (Tekton) is now the recommended Kubernetes-native alternative.

Jenkins requires additional agents and servers, whereas Tekton runs serverless in OpenShift.

D. Argo CD → ❌ Incorrect

Argo CD is used for GitOps-based deployments, but it is not the underlying technology of OpenShift Pipelines.

Tekton and Argo CD can work together, but Argo CD alone does not handle CI/CD pipelines.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration CI/CD Pipelines

Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines (Tekton)

Tekton Pipelines Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, workloads requiring authentication with Identity and Access Management (IAM) need an OAuth secret for secure access. One way to obtain this secret and register a workload is through the OperandConfig API file.

OperandConfig API is used in Cloud Pak for Integration to configure operands (software components).

It provides a mechanism to retrieve secrets, including the OAuth secret necessary for authentication with IBM IAM.

The OAuth secret is stored in a Kubernetes secret, and OperandConfig API helps configure and retrieve it dynamically for a registered workload.

Why Option D is Correct:

A. Extracting the ibm-entitlement-key secret. → Incorrect

The ibm-entitlement-key is used for entitlement verification when pulling IBM container images from IBM Container Registry.

It is not related to OAuth authentication or IAM registration.

B. Through the Red Hat Marketplace. → Incorrect

The Red Hat Marketplace is for purchasing and deploying OpenShift-based applications but does not provide OAuth secrets for IAM authentication in Cloud Pak for Integration.

C. Using a Custom Resource Definition (CRD) file. → Incorrect

CRDs define Kubernetes API extensions, but they do not directly handle OAuth secret retrieval for IAM registration.

The OperandConfig API is specifically designed for managing operand configurations, including authentication details.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Identity and Access Management

IBM OperandConfig API Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Security Configuration

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, App Connect Designer is a low-code integration tool that enables users to design and deploy integrations between applications and services. It runs as a containerized service within OpenShift.

OpenShift supports multi-instance deployments, allowing users to create multiple instances of App Connect Designer within the same namespace.

This flexibility enables organizations to run separate designer instances for different projects, teams, or environments within the same namespace.

Each instance operates independently, and users can configure them with different settings and access controls.

Why Option C is Correct:

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, secure communication between the Platform Navigator and other capability modules (such as API Connect, MQ, App Connect, and Event Streams) is essential to maintain data integrity and confidentiality.

The protocol used for secure communications between CP4I modules is Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Encryption: TLS encrypts data during transmission, preventing unauthorized access.

Authentication: TLS ensures that modules communicate securely by verifying identities using certificates.

Data Integrity: TLS protects data from tampering while in transit.

Industry Standard: TLS is the modern, secure successor to SSL and is widely adopted in enterprise security.

Why TLS is Used for Secure Communications in CP4I?By default, CP4I services use TLS 1.2 or higher, ensuring strong encryption for inter-service communication within the OpenShift cluster.

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration enforces TLS-based encryption for internal and external communications.

TLS provides a secure channel for communication between Platform Navigator and other CP4I components.

It is the recommended protocol over SSL due to security vulnerabilities in older SSL versions.

Why Answer D (TLS) is Correct?

A. SSL → Incorrect

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is an older protocol that has been deprecated due to security flaws.

CP4I uses TLS, which is the successor to SSL.

B. HTTP → Incorrect

HTTP is not secure for internal communication.

CP4I uses HTTPS (HTTP over TLS) for secure connections.

C. SSH → Incorrect

SSH (Secure Shell) is used for remote administration, not for service-to-service communication within CP4I.

CP4I services do not use SSH for inter-service communication.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Security Guide

Transport Layer Security (TLS) in IBM Cloud Paks

IBM Platform Navigator Overview

TLS vs SSL Security Comparison

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

The Cluster Version Operator (CVO) is responsible for checking the OpenShift Update Service (OSUS) for valid updates in an OpenShift cluster. It continuously monitors for available updates and ensures that the cluster components are updated according to the specified update policy.

Periodically checks the OpenShift Update Service (OSUS) for available updates.

Manages the ClusterVersion resource, which defines the current version and available updates.

Ensures that cluster operators are applied in the correct order.

Handles update rollouts and recovery in case of failures.

A. Cluster Update Operator – No such component exists in OpenShift.

B. Cluster Update Manager – This is not an OpenShift component. The update process is managed by CVO.

C. Cluster Version Updater – Incorrect term; the correct term is Cluster Version Operator (CVO).

IBM Documentation – OpenShift Cluster Version Operator

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Knowledge Center

Red Hat OpenShift Documentation on Cluster Updates

Key Functions of the Cluster Version Operator (CVO):Why Not the Other Options?IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References.

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, when new IBM MQ (Message Queue) containers are deployed, sensitive data such as passwords, credentials, and encryption keys must be securely injected into the container environment.

The correct Kubernetes object for storing and injecting sensitive data is a Secret.

Kubernetes Secrets securely store sensitive data

Secrets allow IBM MQ containers to retrieve authentication credentials (e.g., admin passwords, TLS certificates, and API keys) without exposing them in environment variables or config maps.

Unlike ConfigMaps, Secrets are encrypted and access-controlled, ensuring security compliance.

Used by IBM MQ Operator

When deploying IBM MQ in OpenShift/Kubernetes, the MQ operator references Secrets to inject necessary credentials into MQ containers.

Example:

Why is "Secret" the correct answer?apiVersion: v1

kind: Secret

metadata:

name: mq-secret

type: Opaque

data:

mq-password: bXlxYXNzd29yZA==

The MQ container can then access this mq-password securely.

Prevents hardcoding sensitive data

Instead of storing passwords directly in deployment files, using Secrets enhances security and compliance with enterprise security standards.

Why are the other options incorrect?❌ A. Replicator

The Replicator is responsible for synchronizing and replicating messages across MQ queues but does not store sensitive credentials.

❌ B. MQRegistry

The MQRegistry is used for tracking queue manager details but does not manage sensitive data injection.

It mainly helps with queue manager registration and configuration.

❌ C. DeploymentConfig

A DeploymentConfig in OpenShift defines how pods should be deployed but does not handle sensitive data injection.

Instead, DeploymentConfig can reference a Secret, but it does not store sensitive information itself.

IBM MQ Security - Kubernetes Secrets

IBM Docs – Securely Managing MQ in Kubernetes

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Knowledge Center

Covers how Secrets are used in MQ container deployments.

Red Hat OpenShift Documentation – Kubernetes Secrets

Secrets in Kubernetes

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

Correct Ordered Steps to Delete IBM MQ from IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I):

1️⃣ Log in to your OpenShift cluster's web console.

Access the OpenShift web console to manage resources and installed operators.

2️⃣ Select Operators from Installed Operators in a project containing Queue Managers.

Navigate to the Installed Operators section and locate the IBM MQ Operator in the project namespace where queue managers exist.

3️⃣ Delete Queue Managers.

Before uninstalling the operator, delete any existing IBM MQ Queue Managers to ensure a clean removal.

4️⃣ Uninstall the Operator.

Finally, uninstall the IBM MQ Operator from OpenShift to complete the deletion process.

To properly delete IBM MQ from IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I), the steps must be followed in the correct order:

Logging into OpenShift Web Console – This step provides access to the IBM MQ Operator and related resources.

Selecting the Installed Operator – Ensures the correct project namespace and MQ resources are identified.

Deleting Queue Managers – Queue Managers must be removed before uninstalling the operator; otherwise, orphaned resources may remain.

Uninstalling the Operator – Once all resources are removed, the MQ Operator can be uninstalled cleanly.

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

IBM MQ in Cloud Pak for Integration

Managing IBM MQ Operators in OpenShift

Uninstalling IBM MQ on OpenShift

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, profiles define the resource allocation and configuration settings for deployed services. When creating a second medium-size profile, the system will allocate the resources according to the medium-size specifications, without affecting the first profile.

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration supports multiple profiles, each with its own resource allocation.

When a second medium-size profile is created, it is independently assigned the medium-size configuration without modifying the existing profiles.

This allows multiple services to run with similar resource constraints but remain separately managed.

Why Option B is Correct:

A. The first profile will be replaced by the second profile. → ❌ Incorrect

Creating a new profile does not replace an existing profile; each profile is independent.

C. The first profile will be re-configured with a medium size. → ❌ Incorrect

The first profile remains unchanged. A second profile does not modify or reconfigure an existing one.

D. The second profile will be configured with a large size. → ❌ Incorrect

The second profile will retain the specified medium size and will not be automatically upgraded to a large size.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Sizing and Profiles

Managing Profiles in IBM Cloud Pak for Integration

OpenShift Resource Allocation for CP4I

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I), the Operations Dashboard provides visibility into API and application performance by collecting and analyzing tracing data. The Sampling Policy is a configurable setting that determines the percentage of traces that are sampled, collected, and stored for analysis.

Tracing all requests can be resource-intensive, so a sampling policy allows administrators to control how much trace data is captured, balancing observability with system performance.

Sampling can be random (e.g., capture 10% of requests) or rule-based (e.g., capture only slow or error-prone transactions).

Administrators can configure trace sampling rates based on workload needs.

A higher sampling rate captures more traces, useful for debugging but may increase storage and processing overhead.

A lower sampling rate reduces storage but might miss some performance insights.

How the Sampling Policy Works:

A. Sampling policy (Correct) ✅

The sampling policy is the correct setting that defines how traces are collected and stored in the Operations Dashboard.

B. Sampling context (Incorrect) ❌

No such configuration exists in CP4I. The term "context" is generally used for metadata about a trace, not for controlling sampling rates.

C. Tracing policy (Incorrect) ❌

While tracing policies define whether tracing is enabled, they do not directly configure trace sampling rates.

D. Trace context (Incorrect) ❌

Trace context refers to the metadata attached to traces (such as trace IDs), but it does not determine the percentage of traces sampled.

Analysis of the Options:

IBM API Connect and Operations Dashboard - Tracing Configuration

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration - Distributed Tracing Guide

OpenTelemetry and Sampling Policy for IBM Cloud Pak

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, Foundational Services provide authentication and access control mechanisms, including Single Sign-On (SSO) integration. The two supported authentication types for SSO are:

OpenShift Authentication

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration leverages OpenShift authentication to integrate with existing identity providers.

OpenShift authentication supports OAuth-based authentication, allowing users to sign in using an OpenShift identity provider, such as LDAP, OIDC, or SAML.

This method enables seamless user access without requiring additional login credentials.

Enterprise SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language)

SAML authentication allows integration with enterprise identity providers (IdPs) such as IBM Security Verify, Okta, Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS), and other SAML 2.0-compatible IdPs.

It provides federated identity management for SSO across enterprise applications, ensuring secure access to Cloud Pak services.

A. Basic Authentication – Incorrect

Basic authentication (username and password) is not used for Single Sign-On (SSO). SSO mechanisms require identity federation through OpenID Connect (OIDC) or SAML.

C. PublicKey – Incorrect

PublicKey authentication (such as SSH key-based authentication) is used for system-level access, not for SSO in Foundational Services.

E. Local User Registry – Incorrect

While local user registries can store credentials, they do not provide SSO capabilities. SSO requires federated identity providers like OpenShift authentication or SAML-based IdPs.

Why the other options are incorrect:

IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services Authentication Guide

OpenShift Authentication and Identity Providers

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration SSO Configuration

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

Upgrading from version 3.4.x and 3.5.x to version 3.6.x

Before you upgrade the foundational services installer version, make sure that the installer catalog source image has the correct tag.

If, during installation, you had set the catalog source image tag as latest, you do not need to manually change the tag.

If, during installation, you had set the catalog source image tag to a specific version, you must update the tag with the version that you want to upgrade to. Or, you can change the tag to latest to automatically complete future upgrades to the most current version.

To update the tag, complete the following actions.

To update the catalog source image tag, run the following command.

oc edit catalogsource opencloud-operators -n openshift-marketplace

Update the image tag.

Change image tag to the specific version of 3.6.x. The 3.6.3 tag is used as an example here:

spec:

displayName: IBMCS Operators

image: 'docker.io/ibmcom/ibm-common-service-catalog:3.6.3'

publisher: IBM

sourceType: grpc

updateStrategy:

registryPoll:

interval: 45m

Change the image tag to latest to automatically upgrade to the most current version.

spec:

displayName: IBMCS Operators

image: 'icr.io/cpopen/ibm-common-service-catalog:latest'

publisher: IBM

sourceType: grpc

updateStrategy:

registryPoll:

interval: 45m

To check whether the image tag is successfully updated, run the following command:

oc get catalogsource opencloud-operators -n openshift-marketplace -o jsonpath='{.spec.image}{"\n"}{.status.connectionState.lastObservedState}'

The following sample output has the image tag and its status:

icr.io/cpopen/ibm-common-service-catalog:latest

READY%

https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cpfs?topic=online-upgrading-foundational-services-from-operator-release

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I), operators—including the App Connect Operator—are managed through Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) in Red Hat OpenShift. OLM provides two upgrade approval strategies:

Automatic: The operator is upgraded as soon as a new compatible version becomes available.

Manual: An administrator must manually approve the upgrade.

The App Connect Operator supports automatic upgrades when configured with the Automatic approval strategy during installation or later through OperatorHub settings. If this setting is enabled, OpenShift will detect new compatible versions and upgrade the operator without requiring manual intervention.

B. The setting for automatic upgrades can only be specified at the time the App Connect Operator is installed.

Incorrect, because the approval strategy can be modified later in OpenShift’s OperatorHub or via CLI.

C. Once the App Connect Operator is installed, the approval strategy cannot be modified.

Incorrect, because OpenShift allows administrators to change the approval strategy at any time after installation.

D. There is no option to require manual approval for updating the App Connect Operator.

Incorrect, because OLM provides both manual and automatic approval options. If manual approval is set, the administrator must manually approve each upgrade.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

IBM App Connect Operator Upgrade Process

OpenShift Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Operator Management

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I), the Integration Runtimes page in the Platform Navigator provides an overview of available and deployable runtime components, such as IBM MQ, DataPower, API Connect, and Aspera.

When users see the message:

"Some runtimes cannot be created yet"

It typically indicates that one or more required operators have not been deployed. Each integration runtime requires its respective operator to be installed and running in order to create and manage instances of that runtime.

If the Aspera, DataPower, or MQ operators are missing, then their corresponding runtimes will not be available in the Platform Navigator.

The Platform Navigator relies on these operators to manage the lifecycle of integration components.

Even if users have the necessary permissions, without the required operators, the integration runtimes cannot be provisioned.

B. The platform navigator operator has not been installed cluster-wide

The Platform Navigator does not need to be installed cluster-wide for runtimes to be available.

If the Platform Navigator was missing, users would not even be able to access the Integration Runtimes page.

C. The ibm-entitlement-key has not been added in the same namespace as the platform navigator

The IBM entitlement key is required for pulling images from IBM’s container registry but does not affect the visibility of Integration Runtimes.

If the entitlement key were missing, installation of operators might fail, but this does not directly cause the displayed message.

D. The API Connect operator has not been deployed

While API Connect is a component of CP4I, its operator is not required for all integration runtimes.

The error message suggests multiple runtimes are unavailable, which means the issue is more likely related to multiple missing operators, such as Aspera, DataPower, or MQ.

Key Reasons for This Issue:Why Other Options Are Incorrect:IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration - Installing and Managing Operators

IBM Platform Navigator and Integration Runtimes

IBM MQ, DataPower, and Aspera Operators in CP4I

To add the IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) CatalogSource objects to an OpenShift cluster that has internet access, there are two primary methods:

Using oc apply -f filename (Option A)

The CatalogSource resource definition can be written in a YAML file and applied using the OpenShift CLI.

This method ensures that the cluster is correctly set up with the required catalog sources for CP4I.

Example command:

sh

CopyEdit

oc apply -f cp4i-catalogsource.yaml

This is a widely used approach for configuring OpenShift resources.

Using the OpenShift Admin Web Console (Option E)

Administrators can manually paste the CatalogSource YAML definition into the OpenShift Admin Web Console.

Navigate to Administrator → Operators → OperatorHub → Create CatalogSource, paste the YAML, and click Create.

This provides a UI-based alternative to using the CLI.

B (Incorrect): There is no valid icr-io/cp4int:2.4 catalog project import method for adding a CatalogSource. IBM’s container images are hosted on IBM Cloud Container Registry (ICR), but this method is not used for adding a CatalogSource.

C (Incorrect): Red Hat OpenShift Application Runtimes (RHOAR) is unrelated to the CatalogSource object creation for CP4I.

D (Incorrect): Downloading the CP4I driver and using oc new-project is not the correct approach for adding a CatalogSource. The oc new-project command is used to create OpenShift projects but does not deploy catalog sources.

Explanation of Incorrect Options:IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

IBM Documentation: Managing Operator Lifecycle with OperatorHub

OpenShift Docs: Creating a CatalogSource

IBM Knowledge Center: Installing IBM Cloud Pak for Integration

The NamespaceScope operator is responsible for managing and automating permissions-based workload isolation in IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) Foundational Services. It allows multiple namespaces to share common resources while maintaining controlled access, thereby enforcing isolation between workloads.

Enables namespace scoping, which helps define which namespaces have access to shared services.

Restricts access to specific components within an environment based on namespace policies.

Automates workload isolation by enforcing access permissions across multiple namespaces.

Ensures compliance with IBM Cloud security standards by providing a structured approach to multi-tenant deployments.

A. Operand Deployment Lifecycle Manager: Manages lifecycle and deployment of operands in IBM Cloud Paks but does not specifically handle workload isolation.

C. Node taints and pod tolerations: These are Kubernetes-level mechanisms to control scheduling of pods on nodes but do not directly automate permissions-based workload isolation.

D. The IAM operator: Manages authentication and authorization but does not specifically focus on namespace-based workload isolation.

Key Functions of the NamespaceScope Operator:Why Other Options Are Incorrect:IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

IBM Documentation: NamespaceScope Operator

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Knowledge Center

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration v2021.2 Administration Guide

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I), IBM MQ Native High Availability (NativeHA) is a feature that enables automated failover and redundancy by maintaining multiple replicas of an MQ queue manager.

When using NativeHA, licensing in CP4I is calculated based on the total number of VPCs (Virtual Processor Cores) consumed by all MQ instances, including both active and standby replicas.

IBM MQ NativeHA uses a multi-replica setup, meaning there are multiple queue manager instances running simultaneously for redundancy.

Licensing in CP4I is based on the total CPU consumption of all running MQ replicas, not just the active instance.

Therefore, the administrator must ensure that all HA replicas are accounted for in their license entitlement.

Why Option B is Correct:

A. No licenses, because only RDQM is supported on CP4I. (Incorrect)

IBM MQ NativeHA is fully supported on CP4I alongside RDQM (Replicated Data Queue Manager). NativeHA is actually preferred over RDQM in containerized OpenShift environments.

C. A different license from the standard CP4I license must be purchased from IBM to use the NativeHA feature. (Incorrect)

No separate license is required for NativeHA – it is covered under the CP4I licensing model.

D. The administrator can use their pool of CP4I licenses. (Incorrect)

Partially correct but incomplete – while the administrator can use their CP4I licenses, they must ensure that all HA replicas are included in the license calculation, not just the active instance.

Analysis of the Incorrect Options:

IBM MQ Native High Availability Licensing

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Licensing Guide

IBM MQ on CP4I - Capacity Planning and Licensing

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 is designed to run on Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform (OCP). Each version of CP4I has a minimum required OpenShift version to ensure compatibility, performance, and security.

For Cloud Pak for Integration v2021.2, the minimum required OpenShift version is 4.7.4.

Compatibility: CP4I components, including IBM MQ, API Connect, App Connect, and Event Streams, require specific OpenShift versions to function properly.

Security & Stability: Newer OpenShift versions include critical security updates and performance improvements essential for enterprise deployments.

Operator Lifecycle Management (OLM): CP4I uses OpenShift Operators, and the correct OpenShift version ensures proper installation and lifecycle management.

Minimum required OpenShift version: 4.7.4

Recommended OpenShift version: 4.8 or later

Key Considerations for OpenShift Version Requirements:IBM’s Official Minimum OpenShift Version Requirements for CP4I v2021.2:

IBM officially requires at least OpenShift 4.7.4 for deploying CP4I v2021.2.

OpenShift 4.6.x versions are not supported for CP4I v2021.2.

OpenShift 4.7.4 is the first fully supported version that meets IBM's compatibility requirements.

Why Answer A (4.7.4) is Correct?

B. 4.6.8 → Incorrect

OpenShift 4.6.x is not supported for CP4I v2021.2.

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration v2021.1 supported OpenShift 4.6, but v2021.2 requires 4.7.4 or later.

C. 4.7.4 → Correct

This is the minimum required OpenShift version for CP4I v2021.2.

D. 4.6.2 → Incorrect

OpenShift 4.6.2 is outdated and does not meet the minimum version requirement for CP4I v2021.2.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration v2021.2 System Requirements

Red Hat OpenShift Version Support Matrix

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration OpenShift Deployment Guide

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM App Connect, which is part of IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I), callable flows enable integration between different environments, including on-premises systems and cloud-based integration solutions deployed in an OpenShift cluster.

To facilitate this connectivity, two critical resources are used:

The Connectivity Agent acts as a bridge between cloud-hosted App Connect instances and on-premises integration servers.

It enables secure bidirectional communication by allowing callable flows to connect between cloud-based and on-premise integration servers.

This is essential for hybrid cloud integrations, where some components remain on-premises for security or compliance reasons.

The Routing Agent directs incoming callable flow requests to the appropriate App Connect integration server based on configured routing rules.

It ensures low-latency and efficient message routing between cloud and on-premise systems, making it a key component for hybrid integrations.

1. Connectivity Agent (✅ Correct Answer)2. Routing Agent (✅ Correct Answer)

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect?Option

Explanation

Correct?

A. Sync server

❌ Incorrect – There is no "Sync Server" component in IBM App Connect. Synchronization happens through callable flows, but not via a "Sync Server".

❌

C. Kafka sync

❌ Incorrect – Kafka is used for event-driven messaging, but it is not required for callable flows between cloud and on-premises environments.

❌

D. Switch server

❌ Incorrect – No such component called "Switch Server" exists in App Connect.

❌

Final Answer:✅ B. Connectivity agent✅ E. Routing agent

IBM App Connect - Callable Flows Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration - Hybrid Connectivity with Connectivity Agents

IBM App Connect Enterprise - On-Premise and Cloud Integration

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

jsonpath='{.status.channels[*].name}'

performs the following actions:

oc get packagemanifest → Retrieves the package manifest information for operators installed on the OpenShift cluster.

-n ibm-common-services → Specifies the namespace where IBM Common Services are installed.

ibm-common-service-operator → Targets the IBM Common Service Operator, which manages foundational services for Cloud Pak for Integration.

-o jsonpath='{.status.channels[*].name}' → Extracts and displays the available upgrade channels from the operator’s status field in JSON format.

The IBM Common Service Operator is part of Cloud Pak for Integration Foundational Services.

The status.channels[*].name field lists the available upgrade channels (e.g., stable, v1, latest).

This command helps administrators determine which upgrade paths are available for foundational services.

Why Answer A is Correct:

B. It displays the status and names of channels in the default queue manager. → Incorrect

This command is not related to IBM MQ queue managers.

It queries package manifests for IBM Common Services operators, not queue managers.

C. It retrieves a manifest of services packaged in Cloud Pak for Integration operators. → Incorrect

The command does not return a full list of services; it only displays upgrade channels.

D. It returns an operator package manifest in a JSON structure. → Incorrect

The command outputs only the names of upgrade channels in plain text, not the full JSON structure of the package manifest.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services Overview

OpenShift PackageManifest Command Documentation

IBM Common Service Operator Details

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

The given YAML configuration is for ClusterLogging in an OpenShift environment, which is used for centralized logging. The key part of the specification that determines the behavior of Elasticsearch is:

logStore:

type: "elasticsearch"

elasticsearch:

nodeCount: 1

storage: {}

redundancyPolicy: ZeroRedundancy

nodeCount: 1

This means the Elasticsearch cluster will consist of only one node (single-node deployment).

storage: {}

The empty storage field implies no persistent storage is configured.

This means that if the pod is deleted or restarted, all stored logs will be lost.

redundancyPolicy: ZeroRedundancy

ZeroRedundancy means there is no data replication, making the system vulnerable to data loss if the pod crashes.

In contrast, a redundancy policy like MultiRedundancy ensures high availability by replicating data across multiple nodes, but that is not the case here.

Analysis of Key Fields:

Evaluating Answer Choices:Option

Explanation

Correct?

A. A single node ElasticSearch cluster with default persistent storage.

Incorrect, because storage: {} means no persistent storage is configured.

❌

B. A single infrastructure node with persisted ElasticSearch.

Incorrect, as this is not configuring an infrastructure node, and storage is not persistent.

❌

C. A single node ElasticSearch cluster which auto scales when redundancyPolicy is set to MultiRedundancy.

Incorrect, because setting MultiRedundancy does not automatically enable auto-scaling. Scaling needs manual intervention or Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA).

❌

D. A single node ElasticSearch cluster with no persistent storage.

Correct, because nodeCount: 1 creates a single node, and storage: {} ensures no persistent storage.

✅

Final Answer:✅ D. A single node ElasticSearch cluster with no persistent storage.

IBM CP4I Logging and Monitoring Documentation

Red Hat OpenShift Logging Documentation

Elasticsearch Redundancy Policies in OpenShift Logging

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

The command:

oc extract secret/platform-auth-idp-credentials --to=-

is used to retrieve and display the admin user credentials stored in the platform-auth-idp-credentials secret within an OpenShift-based IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) deployment.

In IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services, the platform-auth-idp-credentials secret contains the admin username and password used to authenticate with OpenShift and Cloud Pak services.

The oc extract command decodes the secret and displays its contents in plaintext in the terminal.

The --to=- flag directs the output to standard output (STDOUT), ensuring that the credentials are immediately visible instead of being written to a file.

This command is commonly used for recovering lost admin credentials or retrieving them for automated processes.

Why Option C (Displays the credentials of the admin user) is Correct:

A. Writes the OpenShift Container Platform credentials to the current directory. → Incorrect

The --to=- option displays the credentials, but it does not write them to a file in the directory.

To save the credentials to a file, the command would need a filename, e.g., --to=admin-creds.txt.

B. Generates Base64 decoded secrets for all Cloud Pak for Integration users. → Incorrect

The command only extracts one specific secret (platform-auth-idp-credentials), which contains the admin credentials only.

It does not generate or decode secrets for all users.

D. Distributes credentials throughout the Cloud Pak for Integration platform. → Incorrect

The command extracts and displays credentials, but it does not distribute or propagate them.

Credentials distribution in Cloud Pak for Integration is handled through Identity and Access Management (IAM) configurations.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services - Retrieving Admin Credentials

OpenShift CLI (oc extract) Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Identity and Access Management

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, which runs on Red Hat OpenShift, the Ingress Controller is responsible for managing external access to services running within the cluster. The Ingress Controller certificate ensures secure communication between clients and the OpenShift cluster.

A. The administrator can specify a custom certificate at a later time. ✅

OpenShift allows administrators to replace the default self-signed certificate with a custom TLS certificate at any time.

This is typically done using a Secret in the appropriate namespace and updating the IngressController resource.

Example command to update the Ingress Controller certificate:

Explanation of Correct Answers:oc create secret tls my-custom-cert --cert=custom.crt --key=custom.key -n openshift-ingress

oc patch ingresscontroller default -n openshift-ingress-operator --type=merge -p '{"spec":{"defaultCertificate":{"name":"my-custom-cert"}}}'

This ensures secure access with a trusted certificate instead of the default self-signed certificate.

C. By default, OpenShift uses an internal self-signed certificate. ✅

If no custom certificate is provided, OpenShift automatically generates and assigns a self-signed certificate for the Ingress Controller.

This certificate is not trusted by browsers or external clients and typically causes SSL/TLS warnings unless replaced.

B. The Ingress Controller does not support the use of a custom certificate. ❌ Incorrect

OpenShift fully supports custom certificates for the Ingress Controller, allowing secure TLS communication.

D. By default, OpenShift does not use any certificate if one is not applied during the initial setup. ❌ Incorrect

OpenShift always generates a default self-signed certificate if no custom certificate is provided.

E. Certificate assignment is only applicable during initial setup. ❌ Incorrect

Custom certificates can be assigned at any time, not just during initial setup.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

OpenShift Ingress Controller TLS Configuration

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Security Configuration

Managing OpenShift Cluster Certificates

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services, the License Service is responsible for collecting, tracking, and reporting license usage data. It ensures compliance by monitoring the consumption of IBM Cloud Pak licenses across the environment.

The License Service refreshes its data every 5 minutes to keep the license usage information up to date.

This frequent update cycle helps organizations maintain accurate tracking of their entitlements and avoid non-compliance issues.

A. 1 hour (Incorrect)

The License Service updates its records more frequently than every hour to provide timely insights.

B. 30 seconds (Incorrect)

A refresh interval of 30 seconds would be too frequent for license tracking, leading to unnecessary overhead.

C. 5 minutes (Correct)

The IBM License Service refreshes its data every 5 minutes, ensuring real-time tracking without excessive system load.

D. 30 minutes (Incorrect)

A 30-minute refresh would delay the reporting of license usage, which is not the actual behavior of the License Service.

Analysis of the Options:

IBM License Service Overview

IBM Cloud Pak License Service Data Collection Interval

IBM Cloud Pak Compliance and License Reporting

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, the IBM License Service collects and retains license usage data for a default period of 90 days. This data is crucial for auditing and compliance, ensuring that software usage aligns with licensing agreements.

The IBM License Service continuously collects and stores licensing data.

By default, it retains data for 90 days before older data is automatically removed.

Users can query and retrieve usage reports from this 90-day period.

The License Service supports regulatory compliance by ensuring transparent tracking of software usage.

B. The full period from the deployment – Incorrect. The License Service does not retain data indefinitely; it follows a rolling 90-day retention policy.

C. 30 days – Incorrect. The default retention period is longer than 30 days.

D. 60 days – Incorrect. The default is 90 days, not 60.

IBM License Service Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration v2021.2 – Licensing Guide

IBM Support – License Service Data Retention Policy

Key Details About the IBM License Service Data Retention:Why Not the Other Options?IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References

Before installing Automation Assets in IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, specific storage types must be provisioned to support asset data and metadata storage. These storage types are required to ensure proper functioning and persistence of Automation Assets in an OpenShift-based deployment.

Asset Data Storage (File RWX Volume)

This storage is used to store asset files, which need to be accessible by multiple pods simultaneously.

It requires a shared file storage with ReadWriteMany (RWX) access mode, ensuring multiple replicas can access the data.

Example: NFS (Network File System) or OpenShift persistent storage supporting RWX.

Asset Metadata Storage (Block RWO Volume)

This storage is used for managing metadata related to automation assets.

It requires a block storage with ReadWriteOnce (RWO) access mode, which ensures exclusive access by a single node at a time for consistency.

Example: IBM Cloud Block Storage, OpenShift Container Storage (OCS) with RWO mode.

C. Asset ephemeral storage - a Block RWX volume (Incorrect)

There is no requirement for ephemeral storage in Automation Assets. Persistent storage is necessary for both asset data and metadata.

D. Automation data storage - a Block RWO volume (Incorrect)

Automation Assets specifically require file-based RWX storage for asset data, not block-based storage.

E. Automation metadata storage - a File RWX volume (Incorrect)

The metadata storage requires block-based RWO storage, not file-based RWX storage.

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Documentation: Automation Assets Storage Requirements

IBM OpenShift Storage Documentation: Persistent Storage Configuration

IBM Cloud Block Storage: Storage Requirements for CP4I

Explanation of Incorrect Options:IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, which runs on Red Hat OpenShift, logging is handled using the OpenShift Logging Operator, which often utilizes Elasticsearch as the log storage backend.

For a highly available (HA) Elasticsearch cluster, the minimum number of nodes required is 3.

Elasticsearch uses a quorum-based system for cluster state management.

A minimum of three nodes ensures that the cluster can maintain a quorum in case one node fails.

HA requires at least two master-eligible nodes, and with three nodes, the system can elect a new master if the active one fails.

Replication across three nodes prevents data loss and improves fault tolerance.

Why Are 3 Elasticsearch Nodes Required for High Availability?Example Elasticsearch Deployment for HA:A standard HA Elasticsearch setup consists of:

3 master-eligible nodes (manage cluster state).

At least 2 data nodes (store logs and allow redundancy).

Optional client nodes (handle queries to offload work from data nodes).

Ensures HA by allowing Elasticsearch to withstand node failures without loss of cluster control.

Prevents split-brain scenarios, which occur when an even number of nodes (e.g., 2) cannot reach a quorum.

Recommended by IBM and Red Hat for OpenShift logging solutions.

Why Answer C (3) is Correct?

A. 1 → Incorrect

A single-node Elasticsearch deployment is not HA because if the node fails, all logs are lost.

B. 2 → Incorrect

Two nodes cannot form a quorum, meaning the cluster cannot elect a leader reliably.

This could lead to split-brain scenarios or a complete failure when one node goes down.

D. 7 → Incorrect

While a larger cluster (e.g., 7 nodes) improves scalability and performance, it is not the minimum requirement for HA.

Three nodes are sufficient for high availability.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Logging and Monitoring

OpenShift Logging Operator - Elasticsearch Deployment

Elasticsearch High Availability Best Practices

IBM OpenShift Logging Solution Architecture

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

When the API Connect operator is installed at the cluster scope, it means that the operator has permissions and visibility across the entire Kubernetes or OpenShift cluster, rather than being limited to a single namespace. This setup allows multiple namespaces to utilize the API Connect resources, effectively making the entire cluster behave as one large tenant.

Cluster-wide installation enables shared services across multiple namespaces, ensuring that API management is centralized.

Multi-tenancy behavior occurs because all API Connect components, such as the Gateway, Analytics, and Portal, can serve multiple teams or applications within the cluster.

Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) governs how the API Connect operator is deployed and managed across namespaces, reinforcing the unified behavior across the cluster.

IBM API Connect Operator Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration - Installing API Connect

IBM Redbook - Cloud Pak for Integration Architecture Guide

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, the CA (Certificate Authority) domain specified for the cluster is typically stored in the config.yaml file. This file contains cluster-wide configuration settings, including TLS certificates, security settings, and domain details used for CA and authentication.

config.yaml is a standard Kubernetes and OpenShift configuration file format that stores cluster-wide settings, including CA domain and security configurations.

This file defines certificate authority (CA) details, domain names, authentication settings, and cluster networking information.

It is commonly used when configuring IBM Cloud Pak foundational services and handling TLS/SSL certificates for secure communication between CP4I components.

Why Option C (config.yaml) is Correct:

A. ca.config → Incorrect

There is no standard ca.config file in IBM Cloud Pak for Integration or OpenShift for defining the CA domain.

CA-related configurations are stored in certificates and security configuration files, usually inside config.yaml.

B. config.json → Incorrect

JSON format (config.json) is not used for cluster-wide configurations in CP4I or OpenShift.

Configuration files in OpenShift and Kubernetes are typically in YAML (.yaml) format.

D. domain.config → Incorrect

domain.config is not a standard configuration file for IBM Cloud Pak for Integration.

Domain settings are managed in config.yaml and other Kubernetes secret configurations.

Explanation of Incorrect Answers:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Security and TLS Configuration

IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services - Configuring TLS Certificates

Red Hat OpenShift Security Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

In IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2, when installing the API Connect Operator, it is crucial to monitor its deployment status to ensure a successful installation. This is typically done using ClusterServiceVersion (CSV), which is a Kubernetes resource managed by the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM).

The ClusterServiceVersion (CSV) represents the state of an operator and provides details about its installation, upgrades, and available APIs. The status field within the CSV object contains the installation progress and indicates whether the installation was successful (Succeeded), is still in progress (Installing), or has failed (Failed).

To query the status of the API Connect operator installation, you can run the following command:

kubectl get csv -n

or

kubectl describe csv -n

This command will return details about the CSV, including its "Phase", which should be "Succeeded" if the installation is complete.

A. The API Connect InstallPlan – While the InstallPlan is responsible for tracking the installation process of the operator, it does not explicitly indicate whether the installation was completed successfully.

C. The API Connect Operator Subscription – The Subscription resource ensures that the operator is installed and updated, but it does not provide a direct success or failure status of the installation.

D. The API Connect Operator Pod – Checking the Pod status only shows if the Operator is running but does not confirm whether the installation process itself was completed successfully.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References:

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration Knowledge Center

IBM API Connect Documentation

IBM OLM ClusterServiceVersion Reference

Kubernetes Official Documentation on CSV

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 relies on IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services, which was previously known as IBM Common Services. Upgrading from the Extended Update Support (EUS) version (3.6.x) to a continuous delivery version (3.7.x or later) requires following IBM's recommended upgrade paths. The two valid options are:

Using IBM's provided script (Option D):

IBM provides a script specifically designed to upgrade Cloud Pak Foundational Services from an EUS version to a later continuous delivery (CD) version.

This script automates the necessary upgrade steps and ensures dependencies are properly handled.

IBM's official documentation includes the script download links and usage instructions.

Using the IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services operator update button (Option E):

The IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services operator in the OpenShift web console provides an update button that allows administrators to upgrade services.

This method is recommended by IBM for in-place upgrades, ensuring minimal disruption while moving from 3.6.x to a later version.

The upgrade process includes rolling updates to maintain high availability.

Option A (Click the Update button on the Details page of the common-services operand):

There is no direct update button at the operand level that facilitates the entire upgrade from EUS to CD versions.

The upgrade needs to be performed at the operator level, not just at the operand level.

Option B (Select the Update Common Services option from the Cloud Pak Administration Hub console):

The Cloud Pak Administration Hub does not provide a direct update option for Common Services.

Updates are handled via OpenShift or IBM’s provided scripts.

Option C (Use the OpenShift web console to change the operator channel from stable-v1 to v3):

Simply changing the operator channel does not automatically upgrade from an EUS version to a continuous delivery version.

IBM requires following specific upgrade steps, including running a script or using the update button in the operator.

Incorrect Options and Justification:

IBM Cloud Pak Foundational Services Upgrade Documentation:

IBM Official Documentation

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration v2021.2 Knowledge Center

IBM Redbooks and Technical Articles on CP4I Administration

IBM Cloud Pak for Integration (CP4I) v2021.2 Administration References: