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A UML profile can define several different elements to extend the UML for a specific domain, platform, or purpose. Besides stereotypes, a profile can define DataTypes and Enumerations, which can be used within Stereotypes to type the tagged values. A profile can also define Classes, which can be used as base classes for stereotypes. However, a profile does not typically define instances of elements, such as Objects, nor does it define composite structures, such as Components. The intent of a profile is to adapt existing metamodel elements through the use of stereotypes, tag definitions, and constraints rather than to create instances or define system architectures. This definition and use of a profile are aligned with the guidelines in the UML 2.x Superstructure Specification, which outlines what elements a profile can define within the UML framework.

A minimal reflexive metamodel is a metamodel that is expressed using itself, meaning it can be used to describe its own structure and semantics. This concept is akin to a self-describing system. In the domain of metamodeling, this allows for a consistent and coherent definition of the metamodel that is both the subject and the tool of its own description2. This reflexivity is a key property that enables the metamodel to be used in a variety of contexts, ensuring that it remains consistent with its own definitions.

In UML, combined fragments are used to model complex sequence flows by grouping a set of interactions together. Each type of combined fragment has a different semantic use.

The 'assert' combined fragment specifies that the sequence of events inside the fragment must occur exactly as shown, with no deviations or alternatives. This implies that all possible valid traces in the sequence are exactly those specified within the 'assert' fragment; there are no optional or alternative flows.

References include:

• UML 2.5 Specification (formal/2017-12-05), specifically the section on Combined Fragments and their semantics.
• UML Sequence Diagrams: Overview of Graphical Notation, which discusses the purpose of different combined fragments.