1z0-1109-23 Sample Questions Answers

Explanation

The three actions that the DevOps Engineer must perform to easily manage and troubleshoot applications on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) are: Create a service account and the clusterrolebinding, obtain an authentication token for the service account using the kubectl command, and run a kubectl proxy command to enable the Kubernetes dashboard. This allows for easy access to the dashboard and management of deployed applications. Automatically deploy the Kubernetes dashboard during cluster creation, create the cluster using the API, and set the iskubernetesDashboardEnabled attribute to true. This ensures that the Kubernetes dashboard is automatically deployed and accessible. Manually deploy the Kubernetes dashboard on an existing cluster and access it using the appropriate URL. This involves deploying the dashboard manually and accessing it through the specified URL, which allows for management and troubleshooting of applications. Using these actions, the DevOps Engineer can effectively manage and troubleshoot applications deployed on OKE, leveraging the Kubernetes dashboard for enhanced visibility and control.

The recommended approach in OCI for creating identical blue-green environments for deploying a critical application is to use two separate OKE clusters to ensure complete separation between environments. A blue-green environment is a deployment technique that involves creating two identical environments (blue and green) and switching traffic between them after testing. This technique allows you to reduce downtime, minimize risk, and improve user experience. To create blue-green environments in OCI, you can use two separate OKE clusters, one for the blue environment and one for the green environment. Each cluster will have its own set of resources, such as node pools, pods, services, deployments, etc., that are isolated from each other. You can also use OCI Load Balancing service to route traffic between the clusters based on your criteria. Verified References: [Deployment Strategies - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps], [Creating Clusters - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes]

Explanation

The difference between continuous deployment and continuous delivery in the DevOps lifecycle is that continuous delivery involves initiating deployments manually, while continuous deployment focuses on automating the deployment process. Explanation: Continuous delivery and continuous deployment are both practices in the DevOps lifecycle that aim to streamline the software release process. However, there is a distinction between the two based on the level of automation involved in the deployment phase. Continuous delivery refers to the ability to deliver software changes to production in a reliable and efficient manner. It involves having a well-defined deployment process and a reliable pipeline that can be triggered manually to deploy the software changes. With continuous delivery, the deployment process can be initiated by a human decision, allowing for a final re-view or approval before releasing the software. On the other hand, continuous deployment takes the automation aspect further by automatically deploying software changes to production as soon as they pass through the entire delivery pipeline. In continuous deployment, the deployment process is fully automated, and there is no human intervention required to initiate the deployment. Once the changes are tested and validated, they are automatically deployed to the production environment. In summary, continuous delivery involves manual initiation of the deployment process, while continuous deployment focuses on automating the deployment process without the need for human intervention.

To patch a server application running on 100 web servers, you can use Ansible and leverage a playbook. A playbook is a YAML file that defines the desired state of your infrastructure, such as packages, services, files, etc. You can use a playbook to specify the tasks that need to be performed on each server, such as updating the application, restarting the service, etc. You can also execute the playbook against a group of web servers, as defined in the inventory. The inventory is a file that lists the hosts and groups that Ansible can manage. By using a playbook and an inventory, you can automate the patching process and ensure consistency across all servers. Verified References: [Playbooks - Ansible Documentation], [Working with Inventory - Ansible Documentation]

Explanation

The two correct explanations for the difference between Ansible and Terraform are: Ansible auto-mates software installation and application deployment, while Terraform manages infrastructure as code. This highlights the primary focus of each tool. Ansible is mainly used for automating tasks related to software installation, application deployment, and configuration management. It is well-suited for managing the software stack and ensuring consistency across systems. On the other hand, Terraform specializes in infrastructure provisioning and management, allowing users to define and manage their infrastructure resources using code. Ansible focuses on infrastructure configuration, while Terraform specializes in infrastructure provisioning. This highlights the different aspects of infrastructure management that each tool addresses. Ansible is designed to handle configuration management tasks, such as setting up software, managing files, and applying configuration changes across systems. It excels at ensuring the desired state of the infrastructure. In contrast, Terraform is focused on provisioning infrastructure resources, such as virtual machines, networks, and storage. It provides a way to define and manage these resources in a declarative manner, allowing for infra-structure as code. It's worth noting that while Ansible is supported and provided by OCI as a con-figuration management tool, Terraform is a third-party tool that has gained popularity for managing infrastructure across multiple cloud providers, including OCI.

Explanation

The two approaches that can be used to build the e-commerce website and achieve deployment in-dependence, easier technology upgrades, and resiliency to architecture changes are: Implement each module as an independent service/process: This approach is aligned with the microservices architecture, where each module or functionality is developed and deployed as a separate service. This al-lows for independent updates, replacements, or deletions of specific modules without disrupting the rest of the application. It provides flexibility, scalability, and easier technology upgrades by enabling the use of different technologies and frameworks for different services. Use microservices architec-ture: Microservices architecture involves breaking down the application into smaller, loosely coupled services that communicate with each other through APIs. This architecture promotes independent deployment of services, making it easier to update or modify specific services without affecting the entire application. It allows for better scalability, fault isolation, and resiliency to architecture changes. The monolithic approach, where the entire application is built as a single unit, is not suitable for achieving the mentioned goals. It can lead to challenges in deployment independence, technology upgrades, and adaptability to newer technologies.

Explanation

After triggering a Build Pipeline in the OCI DevOps service, you can perform the following action: Create a reference to a secret in the OCI Vault: This allows you to securely store and manage secrets, such as API keys or passwords, that are required for the deployment process. By referencing the secret in the OCI Vault, you can ensure that sensitive information is protected and easily accessible during the deployment. The other options mentioned are not directly related to actions that can be performed after triggering a Build Pipeline: Setting up a Kubernetes cluster as an environment for deployment is typically done before triggering the Build Pipeline. It involves provisioning the necessary infrastructure to support the deployment of containerized applications. Configuring an OCI compartment for storing DevOps resources is a configuration step that is done independently of the Build Pipeline. Compartments are used to organize and manage resources in OCI, but they are not directly related to the Build Pipeline process. Configuring the SSH file for OCI Code Repositories is not an action that is performed after triggering the Build Pipeline. SSH keys are typically configured before interacting with code repositories, and they are not specific to the Build Pipe-line process.

The statement that is false about deployment pipeline in OCI DevOps is that you can add a Wait stage that adds a specified duration of delay in the pipeline. This is not a valid type of stage that you can add to your deployment pipeline. The types of stages that you can add to your deployment pipeline are:

• Deploy stage: A stage that deploys an artifact to a target environment, such as Kubernetes, Instance Group, or Compute Instance.
• Control stage approval: A stage that pauses the pipeline execution and requires manual approval before proceeding to the next stage.
• Traffic shift stage: A stage that routes the traffic between two sets of backend IPs using a preconfigured load balancer and listener.
• Invoke function stage: A stage that invokes an Oracle Function with specified parameters and payload. Verified References: [Deployment Pipelines - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps], [Creating Deployment Pipelines - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps]

Explanation

The proper rule to follow when creating container repositories inside the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Registry is: You must use a separate container repository for each image, but multiple versions of that image can be in a single repository. This means that each distinct image should have its own repository, but different versions of the same image can be stored within that repository. This allows for better organization and management of container images. The other options mentioned are not correct: Checking the "Immutable Artifacts" box does not exist as a requirement when creating a container repository. Immutable artifacts refer to the immutability of the container images themselves, not a setting in the repository. There are no restrictions on using capital letters or hyphens in the naming of container repositories. Both capital letters and hyphens are allowed in the repository name. The OCI DevOps Managed Build stage is not directly related to defining artifacts in the artifact and container repositories. The Managed Build stage is responsible for building and packaging application artifacts, but it does not define the repositories themselves.

Explanation

The possible error you could have made when adding variables to your build_spec.yaml file that resulted in a failed build pipeline is assuming that a non-exported variable would be persistent across multiple stages of the build pipeline. In a build pipeline, variables need to be properly exported and managed to ensure their availability and persistence across different stages. If you mistakenly assumed that a non-exported variable would persist across stages, it could lead to issues where the variable is not available or its value is not maintained as expected, causing the build pipeline to fail.

Explanation

The correct statement is: Resources provisioned by Resource Manager can only be managed through Resource Manager, preventing the state from becoming out of sync. When a stack is co-managed by multiple teams in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Resource Manager, the resources provisioned by Resource Manager can only be managed through Resource Manager itself. This ensures that the state of the stack remains in sync and prevents conflicts that may arise from multiple teams making changes simultaneously. Managing the resources through Resource Manager helps maintain control and consistency over the stack deployment and configuration. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ResourceManager/Concepts/resource-manager-and-terraform.htm

The steps that you would take to delete the specified image are:

• To determine which container is using the image, use the “docker ps -a” command. This command will list all the containers in your system, including their ID, image name, status, etc. You can look for the container that has the image name d123f4e55e12 in its output.
• To delete the container, use the ‘docker rm 0f1262bd1285’ command. This command will remove the container with the ID 0f1262bd1285 from your system. You can also use the -f flag to force remove the container if it is running or paused.
• To delete the docker image, use the ‘docker rmi d123f4e55e12’ command. This command will remove the image with the ID d123f4e55e12 from your system. You can also use the -f flag to force remove the image if it is being used by another container. Verified References: [docker ps - Docker Documentation], [docker rm - Docker Documentation], [docker rmi - Docker Documentation]

Explanation

The two recommendations to consider for developing a web app that supports users on mobile browsers and native mobile applications, and is easily upgradable, independently deployable, and resilient to failures are: Use independent services: By adopting a microservices architecture, you can break down the web app into smaller, loosely coupled services that can be developed, deployed, and upgraded independently. Each service can focus on a specific functionality or feature of the web app, allowing for easier maintenance, scalability, and resilience to failures. This approach enables you to replace or update individual services without impacting the entire web app. Avoid long duration commitment to a technology stack: By using a microservices architecture, you can avoid long-term commitments to a specific technology stack. Each microservice can be developed using the most suitable technology or programming language for its specific requirements. This flexibility allows you to leverage the latest technologies and frameworks, adapt to changing needs, and take advantage of advancements in the development ecosystem. It also reduces the risk of being locked into a technology stack that may become outdated or less effective over time. Building the web app as one monolithic unit would not provide the desired modularity, independent deployment, and upgradability. Container technology, such as Docker, can be used in conjunction with the recommended microservices architecture to provide a consistent and portable deployment mechanism, but it is not a standalone recommendation in this case.

Explanation

"The option ""Hybrid Logs"" is NOT a valid log category for the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Log-ging service. The Logging service in OCI provides the ability to collect, search, and analyze logs generated by various OCI services and resources. The valid log categories include: Service Logs: These are the logs generated by various OCI services, such as Compute, Networking, Database, and Storage services. Custom Logs: These are user-defined logs that can be sent to the Logging service using the Logging SDK or APIs. These logs can be from applications or resources running in OCI. Audit Logs: These logs capture the activity and events related to the management of OCI resources, such as API calls, user access, and policy changes. The ""Hybrid Logs"" option is not a recognized log category in the OCI Logging service." Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Logging/Concepts/loggingoverview.htm

The statement that is true regarding OKE supported images and shapes for worker nodes is that to provision worker nodes from a custom image, you must use the CLI or API and specify the custom image’s OCID when creating the node pool. A custom image is an image that you create by importing an image file from your local environment or by customizing an existing OCI image. A custom image allows you to have more control over the configuration and software of your worker nodes. However, to use a custom image for your worker nodes, you cannot use the Console. You must use the CLI or API and provide the OCID (Oracle Cloud Identifier) of the custom image when creating the node pool. Verified References: [Creating Node Pools - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes], [Custom Images - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Compute]

To rollback to version 1 of a secret that has been rotated once, you need to do the following:

• From the version 1 menu, select “Promote to Current”. This will change the status of version 1 from Previous to Current, and change the status of version 2 from Current to Previous. This means that version 1 will be used as the current key version for encrypting and decrypting secrets.
• Optionally, you can also delete version 2 if you no longer need it. From the version 2 menu, select “Delete”. This will change the status of version 2 from Previous to Deleted. You can also restore or destroy deleted versions if needed. Verified References: [Rotating Secrets - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault], [Managing Secret Versions - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault]

Explanation

The company should use Ansible to automate infrastructure and configure OCI resources on OCI DevOps. Ansible is a popular open-source automation tool that provides a simple and powerful way to automate infrastructure provisioning, configuration management, and application deployments. It uses a declarative language and follows an agentless architecture, making it easy to use and suitable for automating tasks across different environments, including OCI. While Jenkins is a widely used continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) tool, it is primarily focused on the software development and deployment process rather than infrastructure automation and resource configuration. Terraform is another popular infrastructure-as-code tool that enables the provisioning and man-agement of infrastructure resources. It is well-suited for creating and managing infrastructure re-sources in OCI and other cloud providers. However, in the context of the question, Ansible is specifically mentioned as the tool to use. Chef is a configuration management tool that helps automate the configuration and management of systems and applications. It can be used for infrastructure automation and configuration, but it is not as commonly used for provisioning and managing cloud resources as Ansible or Terraform. Therefore, the best answer for the given scenario is Ansible.

Explanation

The three statements that are true regarding setting up cluster access for an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) cluster are: When a cluster's Kubernetes API endpoint has a public IP address, you can access the cluster in Cloud Shell by setting up a kubeconfig file. This allows you to authenticate and interact with the cluster using kubectl. Generating an API sign-ing key pair is a mandatory step when setting up cluster access using a local machine if the public key is not already uploaded in the console. This key pair is used for authentication and securing the connection to the cluster. To access the cluster using kubectl, you need to set up a Kubernetes con-figuration file (kubeconfig) for the cluster. By default, the kubeconfig file is named "config" and is stored in the $HOME/.kube directory. This file contains the necessary information and credentials to authenticate and communicate with the cluster. These steps enable the DevOps engineer to access and manage the OKE cluster, deploy new applications, and manage existing ones using kubectl or other Kubernetes management tools. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ContEng/Tasks/contengdownloadkubeconfigfile.htm

Explanation

The group of OCI services that can help you get application insights is OCI Logging, Monitoring, and Application Performance Monitoring (APM). OCI Logging allows you to collect and analyze log data from your applications, infrastructure, and other resources. It helps you track and trouble-shoot issues by providing visibility into the performance and behavior of your applications. OCI Monitoring enables you to monitor the health, performance, and availability of your cloud resources, including your applications. It allows you to set up metrics, alarms, and notifications to proactively monitor and respond to any issues or anomalies. OCI Application Performance Monitoring (APM) is specifically designed to provide insights into the performance of your applications. It helps you identify and diagnose performance bottlenecks, track user experiences, and optimize the overall performance of your applications. By using OCI Logging, Monitoring, and APM together, you can gain comprehensive visibility into your cloud native applications and effectively monitor their performance and behavior.

Explanation

This is because output artifacts are temporary files generated by the build process that are needed to deploy an application. Since these artifacts are not permanent, they need to be extracted from the build pipeline and stored in an Artifact Registry repository for easy distribution, versioning, and management. The Deliver Artifacts stage in the build pipeline is responsible for this task, which en-sures that the correct artifacts are used for each deployment. Here is the reference link for more in-formation on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) DevOps build pipeline and Artifact Registry: Ref-erence: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/developer-tutorials/tutorials/devops/01oci-devops-overview-contents.html#artifact-registry-overview

The next step to ensure a secure and reliable deployment after completing code analysis, image scanning, and automated testing is to add a control stage approval within the deployment pipeline. A control stage approval is a stage in the OCI DevOps Deployment Pipeline that allows you to pause the pipeline execution and require manual approval before proceeding to the next stage. You can use a control stage approval to perform additional checks, such as reviewing the test results, verifying the deployment environment, or validating the compliance requirements. By adding a control stage approval, you can reduce the risk of deploying faulty or unauthorized code to production. Verified References: [Control Stage Approval - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps], [Creating Control Stage Approvals - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps]

Explanation

The root cause for the error committed by the fresher is that the expected input/exported variable of a build is not persistent throughout multiple pipelines. This means that the value set for a variable in one pipeline is not carried over to subsequent pipelines, leading to failures in the build pipelines.

Explanation

A reasonable expectation for Configuration Management (CM) as it pertains to applications in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) DevOps process is consistency in performance, function, design, and implementation. Configuration Management ensures that the application's configuration, set-tings, and dependencies are managed consistently across different environments and deployments. It helps maintain the desired state of the application and ensures that it behaves consistently in terms of performance, functionality, design, and implementation. By using CM practices, develop-ers can ensure that the application's configurations and dependencies are accurately managed and deployed, minimizing variations and inconsistencies that could lead to unexpected behavior or per-formance issues. This helps maintain a consistent experience for users and facilitates smooth and reliable operation of the application.

To create stages for an OKE deployment pipeline in OCI DevOps, you can add the following stages:

• Add a stage to deploy based on Blue-Green strategy or Canary strategy to OKE environment. A Blue-Green strategy is a deployment technique that involves creating two identical environments (blue and green) and switching traffic between them after testing. A Canary strategy is a deployment technique that involves releasing a new version of the application to a subset of users (canaries) and monitoring their feedback before rolling out to the rest of the users. You can use these strategies to reduce downtime, minimize risk, and improve user experience.
• Add a stage to apply the Kubernetes manifest to the Kubernetes cluster. A Kubernetes manifest is a YAML or JSON file that defines the desired state of your Kubernetes resources, such as pods, services, deployments, etc. You can use this stage to apply the manifest file to your OKE cluster using kubectl or helm commands. Verified References: [Deployment Strategies - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps], [Applying Kubernetes Manifests - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps]